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Purpose This study aims to examine the impact of external debt on economic growth in Bangladesh within a broader macroeconomic scenario. Design/methodology/approach In the process of doing so, it assesses the empirical cointegration, long-run and short-run dynamics of the concerned variables for the period of 1980–2017 applying the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration. First, debt-gross domestic product linkage explores the impact of external debt impact on economic growth using a set of macro and country risk variables, and then this linkage is also analyzed along with a newly formed macroeconomic policy (MEP) variable using principal component analysis. Findings The study results reveal the negative impact of external debt on GDP growth, but the larger positive impact of MEP index indicates that this adverse effect of debt can be mitigated or even nullified by sound MEP and appropriate human resource policy. Originality/value The dynamic effects of different shocks (external debt and macro policy variable) on economic growth by vector autoregression impulse response function also confirm our ARDL findings.

This paper examines the effect of economic globalization, energy intensity, urbanization, industrialization and growth on per capita co 2 emissions of Bangladesh employing techniques of Johansen co-integration, Vector Error-Correction Models (vecm) and vec Granger Causality Tests. To analyse the impacts of innovations in all variables on co 2 emissions, this study additionally employs variance decomposition (vdc) for robust findings. The result of long run and causality test postulates that growth stimulates energy consumption and consequently causes co 2 emissions. vdc result posits that in the long run, energy intensity, urbanization, industrialization and growth contribute more than 60 of the co 2 emission in Bangladesh. On the other hand, effect of economic globalization becomes stronger in the long run but in explaining fluctuations in co 2 emissions it contributes only 9. To avoid adverse effect of growth implementations of energy conservation policies are needed.

This article investigates the dynamic relationship among physical infrastructure, financial development, human capital and economic growth in Bangladesh, employing Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound co-integration and Granger causality test for the period 1985–2019. The study finds a significantly positive long-term impact of physical infrastructure and human capital on economic growth. However, the effect of financial development on growth is found to be negative, and the result suggests that financial development will take place with economic growth. From the policy perspective, this study emphasises increasing investment in physical infrastructure and human capital for Bangladesh to foster long-term economic growth.