This study describes experimental results achieved on the use of Grand Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Lime in stabilising desert silty sand for possible use in geotechnical engineering applications, especially for roadways and railways constructions. The GGBFS and lime were added in percentages of 5, 10 and 15% and 1, 3, and 5% respectively, by dry weight of sand. Different laboratory tests such as mechanical aggregation test, hydrometer analysis, liquid-plastic limit , p H value test, compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California bearing rat io test CBR , were performed on samp les to understand the engineering characteristic of soil a nd influences of mixtures on the silty sand soil. The study results demonstrate significant imp rovements in unconfined compressive strength and Californ ia bearing ratio strength. Moreover the swelling behaviour of mixtures was decreased effectively. Thus mixture of GGBFS and lime can be suggested to improve engineering characteristic of desert silty sands.
The water entry problem of three-dimensional pounders with different geometric shapes of cube, cylinder, sphere, pyramid, and cone was numerically simulated by the commercial software Abaqus, and the effects of pounder shape and drop height from the free surface of water on deepwater displacement and velocity as well as pinch-off time and depth were investigated. An explicit dynamic analysis method was employed to model fluid-structure interactions using a Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) formulation. The simulation results are verified by showing the computed shape of the air cavity, displacement of sphere, pinch-off time, and depth which all agreed with the experimental results. The results reveal that the drag force of water has the highest and lowest effect on cubical and conical pounders, respectively. Increasing the pounder drop height up to the critical height leads to increased pounder velocity while impacting the model bed and more than the critical drop height has a reverse effect on pounder impact velocity. Pinch-off time is a very weak function of pounder impact velocity; but pinch-off depth increases linearly with increased impact velocity.
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