The majority of research on Janus particles prepared by solvent evaporation-induced phase separation technique uses models based on interfacial tension or free energy to predict Janus/core−shell morphology. Data-driven predictions, in contrast, utilize multiple samples to identify patterns and outliers. Using machine-learning algorithms and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) analysis, we developed a model based on a 200-instance data set to predict particle morphology. As model features, simplified molecular input line entry system syntax identifies explanatory variables, including cohesive energy density, molar volume, the Flory−Huggins interaction parameter of polymers, and the solvent solubility parameter. Our most accurate ensemble classifiers predict morphology with an accuracy of 90%. In addition, we employ innovative XAI tools to interpret system behavior, suggesting phase-separated morphology to be most affected by solvent solubility, polymer cohesive energy difference, and blend composition. While polymers with cohesive energy densities above a certain threshold favor the core−shell structure, systems with weak intermolecular interactions favor the Janus structure. The correlation between molar volume and morphology suggests that increasing the size of polymer repeating units favors Janus particles. Additionally, the Janus structure is preferred when the Flory−Huggins interaction parameter exceeds 0.4. XAI analysis introduces feature values that generate the thermodynamically low driving force of phase separation, resulting in kinetically stable morphologies as opposed to thermodynamically stable ones. The Shapley plots of this study also reveal novel methods for creating Janus or core−shell particles based on solvent evaporation-induced phase separation by selecting feature values that strongly favor a given morphology.

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Background Some studies have established associations between the prevalence of new-onset asthma and asthma exacerbation and socioeconomic and environmental determinants. However, research remains limited concerning the shape of these associations, the importance of the risk factors, and how these factors vary geographically. Objective We aimed (1) to examine ecological associations between asthma prevalence and multiple socio-physical determinants in the United States; and (2) to assess geographic variations in their relative importance. Methods Our study design is cross sectional based on county-level data for 2020 across the United States. We obtained self-reported asthma prevalence data of adults aged 18 years or older for each county. We applied conventional and geographically weighted random forest (GWRF) to investigate the associations between asthma prevalence and socioeconomic (e.g., poverty) and environmental determinants (e.g., air pollution and green space). To enhance the interpretability of the GWRF, we (1) assessed the shape of the associations through partial dependence plots, (2) ranked the determinants according to their global importance scores, and (3) mapped the local variable importance spatially. Results Of the 3059 counties, the average asthma prevalence was 9.9 (standard deviation ± 0.99). The GWRF outperformed the conventional random forest. We found an indication, for example, that temperature was inversely associated with asthma prevalence, while poverty showed positive associations. The partial dependence plots showed that these associations had a non-linear shape. Ranking the socio-physical environmental factors concerning their global importance showed that smoking prevalence and depression prevalence were most relevant, while green space and limited language were of minor relevance. The local variable importance measures showed striking geographical differences. Conclusion Our findings strengthen the evidence that socio-physical environments play a role in explaining asthma prevalence, but their relevance seems to vary geographically. The results are vital for implementing future asthma prevention programs that should be tailor-made for specific areas.

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<p>Climate change is a global crisis to the world which influences the human race and society's development. Threatens of climate change have become increasingly recognized to the public and government in both environments, society, and economy across the globe; because the consequence of climate change is not only shown up as the increasing of global temperature, also expressed in an intensive natural hazard, such as floods, droughts, wildfires, and hurricanes. For the sustainability development in the globe, it is crucial to provide a response to mitigating climate change through the government’s policy and decision-making; however, the public's engagement in the actions towards the critical environmental crisis still needs to be largely promoted. Analyzing the relationship between the public awareness of climate change and natural disasters is an essential aspect in climate change mitigation and policymaking. In this study, based on the abundance of the text message in social media, especially Twitter, the public understanding and discussions upon climate change from the surrounding environment was recognized and analyzed through the human as the sensor which receiving information of climate change. Twitter content analysis and filed data impact analysis were conducted; text mining algorithms are implemented in the Twitter big-data information to find the similarity based on a cosine similarity score (CSS) between the climate change corpus and the natural events corpora. Then, the factors of nature disaster influence were predicted utilizing a multiple linear regression model and climate change tweets dataset. This research shows that the public is more pretend to link the natural events with climate change when they tweeting when serious natural disasters happened. The developed regression model indicated that natural events caused by the consequence of climate change influenced the people’s social media activity through messages on Twitter with having the awareness of climate change. From this study, the results indicated that the public experience of natural events including intensive disasters can lead them to link the climate change with the natural events easily; when compared with the people who rarely experience natural events.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgment</strong></p><p>This research was supported by the project (NRF-2021R1A2C2007838) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) and the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as Graduate school specialized in Climate Change.</p>