Over the past few years, retailers have offered new alternatives in last-mile logistics for consumers' purchases; however, still, it is unclear why consumers select one option over another. A significant number of studies have tried to give some guidance, but very little research has considered the consumer's point of view; specifically, in Omni-channel environment it has been undiscovered. To fulfil this gap, this study tends to identify some beliefs that may affect consumers' behaviour in last-mile logistics. However, to validate these beliefs this study uses the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) approach. Following the TPB, this study employs an online questionnaire to obtain 280 samples of Spanish students. The final results show that although some beliefs such as convenience, risk of time, and finances are consistent with previous studies, there are new salient beliefs in which have not been identified before: Accessibility & Comparability. As a conclusion, this study not only is an effective mechanism for predicting the intention of selecting a last-mile logistics by consumers, but also can be guidance and assistance for practitioners to develop proper strategies for facilitating consumer's shopping journey, and ultimately, improving consumer's satisfaction.

Even though retailers have engaged in many efforts to offer and integrate new alternatives for delivering and returning consumers' purchases, it is not clear what motivates consumers to choose one option or another. Although most consumers are already familiar with options such as home delivery or pickup locations, situational factors determine their choice among the different alternatives; no study has, however, addressed this topic before. To fill this gap, this study identifies 15 different situational factors to examine their influence on the selection of delivery and return options and the effect of consumers' demographic characteristics. The empirical analysis is based on an online questionnaire distributed to 650 respondents (266 valid responses). In addition, this study uses MANOVA and ANOVA to determine the relationship between each situational factor and consumer characteristics. The results show that 13 situational factors have a significant impact on consumer decisions, and among them time pressure, the distance to the store and channel spill-over are the most influential factors. The results also show that situational factors significantly rely on individual characteristics. For instance, getting help from an employee is significantly more important for consumers who are under 25 years of age. The study reveals some valuable implications for retailers.

Phase-locked loops (PLLs) are well known tools for synchronisation and measurement of the fundamental parameters of power grid signals. Signals measured in the electrical industry may contain disturbances such as harmonic distortion, dc offset, noise and unbalanced conditions which destroy the pure sinusoidal form of signals. The present study improves the trade-off between PLL disturbance-rejection capability and dynamic-response speed. An improved PLL is proposed based on frequency and initial-phase-angle detectors (FIPD) and moving average filter for measurement of the signal parameters in both single-phase and three-phase applications. The proposed PLL is called improved FIPD-based PLL (IFIP-PLL) and provides satisfactory disturbance rejection and response time. The proposed structure effectively decreases the estimation error. Simulation and experimental results show the superiority of IFIP-PLL over conventional PLLs.

In today’s industrial environment, effective modern project effort has become essential for firms for continuous competitive improvement. In recent decade, successful project management has become a fundamental issue to keep in existence within a corporation. Poor leadership has cost millions of dollars on unsuccessful projects each year. Lack of a proper leadership style in the five stage of project management may negatively affect the implementation of corporate strategic business goals and objectives and eventually lead to project failure. This research was carried out in different types of Malaysian industries 9 project managers., This study used a structured questionnaire was used to assess influence of transactional and transformational leadership behavior during the 5 stages of project. Previous research works show that both leadership behavior had significant influence on leading the process to succeed. However, towards the end of the project, the selected people believed in transactional leadership. The results show that the timing of the project did not have much influence in changing the leadership style. The result implies that in the early stages, project managers are more likely to use transformational style.

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