This investigation was designed to determine the effect of melatonin supplementation on mental health parameters, metabolic and genetic profiles in patients under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was conducted among 54 patients under MMT. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either 10 mg melatonin (2 melatonin capsules, 5 mg each) (n = 26) or placebo (n = 28) once a day, 1 hour before bedtime for 12 weeks. Melatonin supplementation significantly decreased Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (β -4.08; 95 percent CI, -5.51, -2.65; P < 0.001), Beck Depression Inventory index (β -5.46; 95% CI, -8.92, -2.00; P = 0.003) and Beck Anxiety Inventory index (β -3.87; 95% CI, -5.96, -1.77; P = 0.001) and significantly increased International Index of Erectile Functions (β 5.59; 95% CI, 1.76, 9.42; P = 0.005) compared with the placebo. Subjects who received melatonin supplements had significantly lower serum insulin levels (β -2.53; 95% CI, -4.48, -0.59; P = 0.01), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (β -0.56; 95% CI, -1.03, -0.09; P = 0.01) and higher quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (β 0.01; 95% CI, 0.004, 0.02; P = 0.009) and HDL-cholesterol levels (β 3.71; 95% CI, 1.77, 5.64; P = 0.002) compared to placebo. Additionally, melatonin intake resulted in a significant reduction in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (β -0.15; 95% CI, -0.27, -0.02; P = 0.02), malondialdehyde (β -0.31; 95% CI, -0.57, -0.05; P = 0.02) and protein carbonyl (β -0.06; 95% CI, -0.09, -0.04; P < 0.001). This trial indicated that taking melatonin supplements for 12 weeks by patients under MMT had beneficial effects on their mental health metabolic profiles.

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The effects of self-fields on electron trajectories and gain in planar wiggler free-electron lasers with two-stream and ion-channel guiding are investigated. An analysis of the two-stream quasi-steady-state electron trajectories is given by solving the equation of motion in the presence of ion-channel guiding and the planar wiggler. The electron trajectories and the gain are derived. The stability of the trajectories, the characteristics of the linear gain, and the normalized maximum gain are studied numerically. The numerical calculations show that there are eight group trajectories rather than the two groups reported in the absence of the self-fields. It is also shown that the normalized gain group seven (G7) decreases while the rest increases with the increase in normalized ion-channel frequency. The two-stream instability and the self-field lead to a decrease in the maximum gain, except for G7.

Background. Maximal Aerobic Power is related to many quantities and qualities such as supplements. Objectives. The purpose of the present study was to describe the effect of short-term supplementation of glutamine and glucose on hemoglobin and maximum aerobic power in female athletes. Methods. In this quasi-experimental study, 40 female athletes (age 21.9±2.6 years, height 161.8±5.1 cm, weight 57.8±6.3 kg, BMI 21.9±1.5 kg/m2) volunteered to participate in the present study. Before intervention, the participants were divided randomly into four equal groups (each group=10); placebo, glutamine supplement (0.3 g/kg body weight), glucose supplement (1.0 g/kg body weight) and glutamine-glucose combination supplement. VO2max measured using Bruce protocol and also, hemoglobin concentrations were measured via blood sampling at 12h fasting state. The experimental groups did two-week supplementation accompanied with moderate intensity aerobic exercise, three sessions per week and (45-60) minutes per session. At the end of period of supplementation VO2max and hemoglobin values were measured again. Results. Short-term supplementation of glutamine (P=0.0001), glucose (P=0.0001) and glutamine-glucose (P=0.0001) improved significantly VO2max values. Also, hemoglobin levels increased significantly in glutamine (P=0.012) and glutamine-glucose (P=0.0001) groups. Conclusion. It seems that short-term supplementation of glutamine, glucose and glutamine-glucose may lead to improvement in aerobic performance in young female athletes.

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Objectives Obesity is directly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The current study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic training at moderate intensity on some biomarkers of breast cancer in overweight postmenopausal women. Methods & Materials Twenty-four overweight postmenopausal women (Body Mass Index [BMI] Mean±SD =32.01±5.3 kg/m 2) with the Mean±SD age of 55.44±4.4 years were randomly divided into the experimental (n=14) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental group received 10 weeks of aerobic training (3 sessions per week at an intensity of 65%-75% of Maximum Heart Rate [MHR]). The controls did not participate in any exercise training. Sex hormone-binding globulin and insulin levels, insulin resistance, body fat percentage, and vo 2 max were measured at the beginning and after training. The obtained data were analyzed by analysis of covariance, using SPSS. Results No significant difference was observed in sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin, insulin resistance, and body fat percentage after 10 weeks of aerobic training; however, a significant difference was found in vo 2 max between the two groups. Conclusion Short-term moderate-intensity aerobic training appears to have no effects on some biomarkers of breast cancer, such as sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin, and insulin resistance in overweight postmenopausal women. Therefore, further studies are recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of training programs with different intensities and durations.

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Background and Objectives: Intense exercise results in the production of free radicals and damage caused by oxidative stress. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of Silybummarianum consumption along with a period of increasing exercises on the oxidative response to an acute exercise session in young wrestlers. Methods: A total of 20 well-exercised wrestlers, were randomly divided into two groups of exercise along with Silybummarianum consumption and exercise along with placebo consumption after obtaining written consent. The Silybummarianum supplement group was supplemented at a dose of 300 mg, three times a day for four weeks. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after an equal training session before supplementation and after one month of supplementation. In order to analyze the data, repeated measures analysis of variance and independent t-test were used. Results: In terms of between group differences, there was a significant increase in superoxide dismutase levels before exercising and after supplementation (p = 0.032) and immediately after exercise and after supplementation (p = 0.002) in the Silybummarianum group. There was also a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels before exercise and after supplementation (p = 0.001) and immediately after supplementation (p = 0.001) in the Silybummarianum group. Moreover, there was a significant increase in total antioxidant values before exercise after supplementation (p = 0.001) and immediately after exercise and after supplementation (p = 0.008) in the Silybummarianum group. According to the repeated measures ANOVA, the mean level of malondialdehyde in the Silybummarianum group was lower than the control group. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the consumption of Silybummarianum in increasing exercises leads to the decrease of oxidant indexes and increase in antioxidant indexes.