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This is the largest prospective population study of risk factors associated with AMI in the ME. AMI occurs at younger age in the ME than all other regions. The PAR for the nine risk factors was higher in the ME (97.5%) than the rest of the world. These findings should guide serious prevention strategies.

CD133+ injection into ischemic myocardium was feasible and safe. Stem cell transplantation alone improved cardiac function in all patients. This technique might hold promise as an alternative to medical management in patients with severe ischemic heart failure who are ineligible for conventional revascularization.

Summary Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) haploinsufficiency (CHAI) and lipopolysaccharide‐responsive beige‐like anchor (LRBA) deficiency (LATAIE) are newly identified inborn errors of immunity with shared molecular pathomechanisms and clinical manifestations. In this review, we aimed to provide differential comparisons regarding demographic, clinical, immunological and molecular characteristics between these two similar conditions. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases and included studies were systematically evaluated. Overall, 434 (222 CHAI and 212 LATAIE) patients were found in 101 eligible studies. The CHAI patients were mainly reported from North America and western Europe, while LATAIE patients were predominantly from Asian countries. In CHAI, positive familial history (P < 0·001) and in LATAIE, consanguineous parents (P < 0·001) were more common. In CHAI patients the rates of granulomas (P < 0·001), malignancies (P = 0·001), atopy (P = 0·001), cutaneous disorders (P < 0·001) and neurological (P = 0·002) disorders were higher, while LATAIE patients were more commonly complicated with life‐threatening infections (P = 0·002), pneumonia (P = 0·006), ear, nose and throat disorders (P < 0·001), organomegaly (P = 0·023), autoimmune enteropathy (P = 0·038) and growth failure (P < 0·001). Normal lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulins except low serum levels of CD9+ B cells (14·0 versus 38·4%, P < 0·001), natural killer (NK) cells (21 versus 41·1%, P < 0·001), immunoglobulin (Ig)G (46·9 versus 41·1%, P = 0·291) and IgA (54·5 versus 44·7%, P = 0·076) were found in the majority of CHAI and LATAIE patients, respectively. The most frequent biological immunosuppressive agents prescribed for CHAI and LATAIE patients were rituximab and abatacept, respectively. Further investigations into the best conditioning and treatment regimens pre‐ and post‐transplantation are required to improve the survival rate of transplanted CHAI and LATAIE patients.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the association of neck circumference (NC) with obesity to determine the sex-specific and age-specific optimal cut-off points of this measure in association with obesity in a national sample of the Iranian paediatric population.MethodsThis survey on weight disorders was conducted among a national sample of Iranian children and adolescents, aged 6–18 years. Using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic curves, we evaluated the association of NC with general and abdominal obesity.ResultsThis national survey was conducted among 23 043 school students (50.8% boys) with a mean age (SD) of 12.55 (3.31) years. A significant association was documented between NC and other anthropometric measures in both sexes and in the whole population. In all age groups and genders, NC performed relatively well in classifying participants to overweight (AUC: 0.67 to 0.75, p<0.001), general obesity (AUC: 0.81 to 0.85, p<0.001) and abdominal obesity (AUC: 0.73 to 0.78, p<0.001).ConclusionsNC can be considered as a simple time-saving clinical tool for obesity detection in large population-based studies in children and adolescents. It is significantly correlated with indices of adiposity and can reliably identify children with general and abdominal obesity in the Iranian paediatric population.

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Selenium is an essential mineral that plays a key role in plenty of major metabolic processes. A growing body of literature has shown that selenium deficiency leads to an increase in plasma TC and TG levels. This study explores the effect of selenium supplementation on serum level of lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)]. We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI/WOS, and Scopus (from their commencements to Jan 2016) to identify the papers investigating the association between the intake of selenium and lipid profile. Data extracted from the relevant studies were screened. The pooled standardized mean difference was estimated using the random or fixed effects model. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using Q-test. Of the potentially relevant articles screened, 11 articles including 1221 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Results of meta-analysis showed that intake of selenium resulted in a statistically significant improvement in TC, [(SMD): –0.13, 95% CI: (–0.24, –0.02)], TG [(SMD): –0.19, 95% CI: (–0.38, –0.01)] and VLDL [(SMD): –0.34, 95% CI: (–0.63, –0.05)]. The selenium supplementation did not significantly improve lipid profile such as LDL [(SMD): –0.08, 95% CI: (–0.036, 0.19)], HDL [(SMD): 0.01, 95% CI: (–0.164, 0.18)], HDL/TC ratio [(SMD): 0.025, 95% CI: (–0.11, 0.16)], non-HDL-C [(SMD): 0.018, 95% CI: (–0.13, 0.16)]. This meta-analysis suggests that the effect of selenium supplementation on the serum levels of TG and VLDL is marginally significant. However, the supplementation has no effect on other serum lipids. Moreover, the study shows that the effect of selenium supplementation on lipid profile is negative.

IntroductionOne way to lose weight is bariatric surgery. Various studies have shown that after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), resting energy expenditure (REE) decreased may be a result of changes in fat-free mass (FFM) and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. The aim of our study was to assess changes in body composition, REE, and thyroid hormones in patients undergoing RYGB.MethodsA total of 42 patients participated (21 undergoing RYGB and 21 age- and weight-matched subjects as controls) in our study. Weight, body-mass index, body composition, resting metabolic rate, physical activity, and thyroid hormones were measured at baseline in cases and 3 months after surgery in case and control groups.ResultsAt 3 months after surgery, patients lost an average of 21.7±1.4 kg weight, and fat mass, FFM, and REE decreased significantly. REE was higher in cases compared to controls. T4, T3, and thyroid-stimulating hormone at 3 months after RYGB decreased, but the decrease was significant only in T4 compared to controls. FFM was higher and fat mass lower in cases compared to controls.ConclusionWe detected a meaningful difference in REE before and after surgery, but we did not detect any meaningful difference in REE between controls and cases.