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Background:Studies over the past two decades have shown that various personality traits of substance-dependent men measure differently than compared to normal individuals. However fewer studies have addressed the role of identity as an influential factor in the onset and continuation of drug dependency.Methods:The objective of this study was to compare the Big Five personality factors and identity styles in methamphetamine dependent women and non-user group. Forty eight methamphetamine dependent women under treatment in Welfare Organization’s residential centers filled out the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Berzonsky’s Identity Style Inventory. They were compared with 48 non-dependent women who were matched in terms of age, education, marital status, and occupation. Data was analyzed with t student test. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS V.16 software. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05.Results:Results found that methamphetamine dependent woman had significantly higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience compared to normative sample of female respondents. In addition, mean scores of diffuse/avoidant identity style in methamphetamine user women was significantly higher than non-user group. This is while non-user women had a significantly higher mean in normative identity style.Conclusion:Identity styles along with personality traits can be a key role in drug use in women in this study. Therefore, enhancing understanding about the role of identity can be helpful in treatment programs especially in harm reduction approaches.

Background: Metabolic syndrome is an asymptomatic disorder and an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle modification and self-management of health-promoting behaviors are the most important actions to control metabolic syndrome. This study was done to investigate the effectiveness of self-management interventions based on group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on lifestyle among adults with metabolic syndrome. Methods: This research was a randomized clinical trial study. First, 80 adults with metabolic syndrome were selected using the convenience sampling method, and then, using the randomized blockchain method, they were divided into two groups of 40 people (intervention and control groups). Data collection using the Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile II Questionnaire (HPLP II) was performed in two stages before and three months after the intervention. Teaching self-management interventions based on cognitive-behavioral therapy was done twice a week for eight 90-minute sessions. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, independent t-tests, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). A P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: the results of ANCOVA showed that self-management intervention based on group CBT had a significant effect on the dimensions of lifestyle, including exercise and physical activity with an effect size of 0.51, nutrition with 0.49, health responsibility with 0.39, and stress management with 0.32 (P<0.05), but it did not significantly affect the two dimensions of self-actualization and spiritual growth (effect size= 0.003, P=0.669) and interpersonal relationships (effect size= 0.029, P=0.151). Conclusion: Self-management interventions based on group CBT can improve lifestyle and some dimensions in adults with metabolic syndrome. Identifying people with metabolic syndrome and performing effective interventions with the active participation of the individual through self-management based on cognitive-behavioral therapy seem necessary.

Aims: Because of the increasing number of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the psychological complications that affect this group, the current study has compared the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) on these patients. Methods & Materials: This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-post-test design and a control group. A total of 45 patients with MS were selected from the patients of an MS Clinic in Tehran City, Iran, in 2019. Then, they were randomly divided into two experimental groups of ACT and CFT and one control group. The participants completed the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults and the Penn State worry questionnaire before and after the intervention. The experimental groups participated in eight sessions of ACT and ten sessions of CFT. The control group did not receive any intervention, and in the end, a post-test was taken. The obtained data were examined by analysis of covariance Findings: Findings obtained from univariate analysis of covariance at the statistical level of P<0.05 were F=42.60 for loneliness and F=5.90 for worry, which indicates the more effectiveness of ACT. Conclusion: It is suggested that ACT treatment be given more attention in controlling patients’ psychological symptoms.

Background and Objectives: Ambivalence over emotional expression plays an important role in quality of life and adherence to treatment in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of depression and social support in the relationship between ambivalence and quality of life and adherence to treatment in cancer patients. Materials and Methods:The present study was descriptive and based on structural equation modeling. For this purpose, 206 cancer patients referred to Dezful medical centers in 2020 were selected by convenience sampling method and completed questionnaires of ambivalence over emotional expression, quality of life, adherence to treatment, depression, and social support. Data were analyzed using statistical methods of structural equation modeling and Pearson's correlation. Results:The results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between ambivalence and quality of life (β=-0.183), depression and adherence (β=-0.178) (p<0.05), ambivalence and social support (β=-0.411), between depression and quality of life (β=-0.288) (p<0.01) and a positive and significant relationship between ambivalence and depression (β=0.441), social support and quality of life (β=0.221), social support and adherence to treatment (β=0.249) (p<0.01). The mediating role of depression and social support variables was confirmed. Conclusion:Considering the mediating role of depression and social support in the relationship between ambivalence and quality of life and adherence to treatment, it is recommended in psychological therapies, in the first place, the variable of ambivalence to be examined and evaluated and the important role of mediating variables to be considered.