BackgroundA considerable group of internet users consists of university users; however, despite internet benefits and capabilities, internet overuse is a threat to societies especially to young people and students.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the predictive role of information literacy in internet addiction among students of Iran University of Medical Sciences during 2016.MethodsThis analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Using stratified random sampling method, 365 students from different disciplines were selected. Measuring tools included the Information Literacy Questionnaire, the Yang Online Drug Addiction Scale and the General Health Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlation, independent samples t-test and multiple linear regression using SPSS version 22.ResultsAccording to this study, 31.2% of students had internet addiction (29.9% were mildly addicted and 1.3% had severe addiction). There was a significant and inverse relationship between higher information literacy and internet addiction (R= −0.45) and (p<0.001). The predictor variable “Information literacy” explained 20% of the variation in the outcome variable “Internet addiction”.ConclusionStudents play a substantial role in promoting the cultural and scientific level of knowledge in society; the higher their information literacy, the lower the level of Internet addiction, and consequently the general health of society will improve. It seems that wise planning by authorities of Iran’s universities to prevent internet addiction and to increase information literacy among students is needed.

Introduction: Daily use of public restrooms may have a significant impact on spreading infectious diseases. Human society could be affected by spreading of transitional infectious diseases through feces, urinary tract infection and poor personal hygiene. According to the World Health Organization reports, plenty of people's developed diseases caused by contaminated public restrooms that may result in severe health problems. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 7,482 samples that were collected randomly in 6 months (spring and summer 2019) in different regions of Tehran. The Data were obtained by analyzing 804 restroom's indoor and outdoor handles, 1062 toilet faucet, 826 washbasin taps, 1,062 toilet hoses, 804 flush tank levers, 643 soap dispenser bottoms, 643 liquid soaps, 99 bar soaps, 169 toilet papers and paper towels, and 50 hand dryer machines. Samples which were tested, based on bacteriology standard methods. Result: 7,482 samples were gathered of which 6,678 contaminated cases (89.25%) were observed and 804 cases (10.75%) were found non-contaminated. Escherichia coli with 28.48% and Pseudomonas with 0.39% were the most and the least common bacteria, respectively, in this study. Conclusion: The required tests to identify the bacteria that cause contamination through the use of public restrooms have been done. It is essential to inform the public of the mentioned items and teach how to prevent infectious diseases.

Background: The incidence of breast cancer is rising rapidly worldwide. Midwives have an important role in early detection of the disease by providing the patients with awareness and an accurate Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) of the patients that are effective in early detections. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and practices of midwives toward breast cancer.Methods: The study was conducted on 210 of midwives aged 20-62 who participated in a seminar for clarifying the role of knowledge, attitudes and practices in breast cancer early detection and prevention. The data were collected using a standard questionnaire which has 4 sections with 55 items including age, educational level, number of family members, marital status, family history of breast cancer and their knowledge, attitude and practices about breast cancer screening. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13.0.Results: About two-third of the participants (65.9%) had excellent knowledge about the signs and symptoms of breast cancer. The results revealed that 30.8% of respondents performed self-examination once a month. There was a significant correlation between the knowledge of breast cancer and adopting preventive practices (P = 0.02). The level of their attitude was significantly associated with a positive family history of breast cancer (P= 0.03). There was no significant relationship between marital status or family history of breast cancer with CBE. Conclusion: An appropriate level of knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening was observed to help prevention among midwives. The findings can have remarkable practical implications as midwives can play an important role to broaden the breast-cancer-related knowledge of women.

BACKGROUND Human beings need nutrition to maintain their vitality and health. Today's life has affected and mostly disturbed people's dietary habits, causing various anomalies and diseases in their bodies. So, humans need to reform their diet and nutrition. The best way to do this is to improve the child's nutritional habits. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present descriptive-correlational study was conducted on children aged 7-12 years in non-governmental schools in Tabriz in 2017. Out of each educational district of Tabriz, two segregated schools for boys and girls were selected, making up a total of ten schools and all stages of selecting schools and students were determined by random sampling. The research population includes the parents of those children studying in these schools who were selected through cluster sampling; required data was collected using questionnaires responded to by parents. RESULTS Findings showed that there is a logical and positive relationship between parental nutrition model and two components of the child nutritional behaviour including "accepting food" and "enjoying food." But the other two components, "food complaints" and "refusal to eat" turned out to be significantly lower than the average indicating a logical and inverse relationship. CONCLUSION Given the fact that the majority of the children are sheltered and brought up by the family as well as the role of parental nutritional model in following the best example for the children, parents can select the appropriate nutritional behaviours and create a proper nourishing pattern which reduces children's mistakes in food, increases their acceptance and satisfaction with food and ensures proper growth to guarantee health and vitality for the future of children.