Recently for the sine-Gordon equation it has been established that during collisions of N slow kinks maximal energy density increases as N 2 . In this numerical study, the same scaling rule is established for the non-integrable φ 4 model for N ≤ 5. For odd (even) N the maximal energy density is in the form of potential (kinetic) energy density. Maximal elastic strain is also calculated. In addition, the effect of the kink's internal modes on the maximal energy density is analysed for N = 1, 2, and 3. Our results suggest that in multi-soliton collisions very high energy density can be achieved in a controllable manner.
In curved space–time near TeV black holes many gluons and quarks produced by the Unruh effect interact with each other and create Higgs bosons. We study the Unruh effect and show that, for gluons and quarks, the internal stationary state of a Schwarzschild black hole can be represented by a maximally entangled two-mode squeezed state of outgoing and infalling Hawking radiation. We consider different channels for Higgs boson production near event horizons of mini black holes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and obtain the cross section in each channel. We observe that the cross section of a Higgs boson produced via gluon fusion near a single black hole is much larger for smaller black hole masses. This is because the temperature of the black hole becomes larger as the mass becomes smaller and the thermal radiation of the gluons is enhanced. At lower mass, MBH < 4 TeV, the black hole will not be able to emit Higgs, but will still be able to produce a quark; for MBH < 3 TeV the black hole can only emit massless gluons. We show that as the black hole mass at the LHC increases (4 TeV < MBH < 8 TeV) most of the Higgs boson production is due to the Unruh effect near the event horizon of the black hole. Comparing these Higgs boson cross sections with Higgs boson cross sections in perturbative quantum chromodynamics, we find that micro black holes can be a source of Higgs production at the LHC. Finally, we calculate the effects of Higgs boson radiation due to mini black holes on the hadronic cross section at the LHC. We observe that as the order of perturbation theory increases this effect becomes systematically more significant because at higher orders there exist more channels for Higgs production and, in our calculations, Higgs decay into massive quark–antiquark pairs. At smaller masses, MBH < 2 TeV, the hadronic cross section at leading order is large while the cross sections at next-to-leading order and at next-to-next-to-leading order are rising at MBH ∼ 2 and 3 TeV, respectively, and exhibit a turn-over at moderate values of black hole mass.
In this paper we find information loss in mini black holes at LHC by extending the Horowitz and Maldacena mechanism to gluons and calculate the information transformation from the collapsing matter to the state of outgoing Hawking radiation for gluons, quarks, and mesons. Next, we calculate the total cross-section for mesons produced from black holes at LHC. We conclude that the more the mass of the quark within the hadrons, the lower is the cross-section. Then, we consider the effect of quarks inside the black hole on the density matrix of individual quarks within the meson outside of a black hole. At the end, we show that information is not lost in black holes if we ignore interactions between particles inside the event horizon in comparison with the effect of a black hole on particles. However, we observe that the unstable condition of excited black holes causes information loss in them. After that, we anticipate quantum black hole production by using electron-positron annihilation modeling at TeV centre of mass energies and compare the corresponding cross-sections calculated, at this stage, for different black hole states. Finally, we calculate the dependence of gluon tree level amplitudes to their thermal distributions near mini black holes at LHC. PACS No: 04.70DyRésumé : Nous étudions ici la perte d'information dans les mini trous noirs au LHC en étendant le mécanisme de Horowitz et Maldacena aux gluons et calculons la transformation d'information de l'effondrement de la matière jusqu'à la radiation sortante de Hawking, pour les gluons, les quarks et les gluons. Nous calculons ensuite la section efficace totale pour les mésons produits par les trous noirs au LHC. Nous trouvons que plus la masse du quark dans le hadron est élevée, plus la section efficace est faible. Nous considérons ensuite l'effet du de la présence du quark dans le trou noir sur la matrice de densité des quarks individuels à l'intérieur du méson hors du trou noir. Enfin, nous montrons que l'information n'est pas perdue dans les trous noirs si nous ignorons les interactions entre les particules à l'intérieur de l'horizon, en comparant avec l'effet du trou noir sur les particules. Cependant, nous constatons que l'instabilité des trous noirs excités cause une perte d'information. Par la suite, nous prévoyons la production de trous noirs quantiques en utilisant un modèle d'annihilation électron-posiron à l'échelle des TeV dans le centre de masse et comparons les sections efficaces calculées à ce point-ci pour différents états finals du trou noir. Pour finir, nous calculons la dépendance des amplitudes de gluons au niveau des arbres sur les distributions thermiques près des mini trous noirs au LHC.[Traduit par la Rédaction]
Violation of the Lorentz symmetry has important effects on physical quantities including field propagators. Therefore, in addition to the leading order, the sub-leading order of quantities may be modified. In this paper, we calculate the next to leading (NLO) radiative corrections to the Casimir energy in the presence of two perfectly conducting parallel plates for φ 4 theory with a Lorentz-breaking extension. We do the renormalization and investigate these NLO corrections for three distinct directions of the Lorentz violation; temporal direction, parallel and perpendicular to the plates.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.