Purpose The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of compost formulation made from agricultural by-products and thermal treatment of fresh mushrooms on the postharvest quality parameters. Methods Quail manure was evaluated as an alternative ingredient to the broadly used chicken manure for compost preparation. In addition, the treatment of fresh mushrooms by hot water to extend shelf-life was tested. Quality parameters including color (browning due to microbial activity), cap opening and the weight loss (senescence) were evaluated. Results The nature of the manure employed as base material in the substrate can affect the postharvest browning ratio of mushroom. However, no significant differences in Δb value, weight loss or cap opening were noticed between two different substrates during storage of harvested mushrooms. The cap opening ratio was further retarded while applying thermal treatment to the mushrooms at 55 °C. Conclusions The use of chicken manure as base material to prepare mushroom substrate reduces mushroom browning during storage compared to quail manure, although mushrooms from quail compost are whiter at picking. Postharvest treatment at 45 °C for 4 min was the best to minimize the weight loss.
Shiitake is an edible mushroom native to East Asia. In the present research, the soaking water was targeted as the vehicle to enrich the substrate. The amount of nutrients in the substrate is severely reduced by mycelium growth and development during spawn running and browning period. Some part of this reduction can be compensated by soaking the substrate in the enriched soaking water. In this study, soaking water was enriched by some complement materials and enrichment effects on some important properties of shiitake mushroom were evaluated. The highest biological efficiency (69.88 %) was gained with soaking the blocks in wheat bran extraction suspension. The highest dry matter of mushroom was obtained by rice bran extraction suspension as the enriched soaking water. The results of this research showed that some important properties of shiitake mushroom can be improved by soaking the blocks with enriched soaking water. According to the results, wheat bran extraction suspension was the best enriched solution to increase productivity of shiitake mushrooms and rice bran extraction suspension was suitable to improve quality of mushrooms.Key words: biological efficiency; dry matter; soaking water; shiitake mushroom; wheat bran
IZVLEČEK VPLIV OBOGATENE VODE ZA OMOČENJE SUBSTRATA NA PRIDELEK IN LASTNOSTI ŠITAK (Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer)Šitaka je užitna goba, avtohtona v vzhodni Aziji. V raziskavi je bila preučevana tekočina za namakanje substrata kot sredstvo za njegovo obogatitev. Količina hranil v substratu se močno zmanjša med rastjo in razvojem micelija od inokuluma do faze porjavenja. Nekaj od tega zmanjšanja bi lahko nadomestili z namakanjem substrata v vodi, obogateni s hranili. V raziskavi je bila tekočina za namakanje substrata obogatena z nekaterimi dopolnimi snovmi, učinki tega obogatenja so bili ovrednoteni na osnovi nekaterih pomembnih lastnosti gob. Največja biološka učinkovitost (69,88 %) je bila pridobljena, če so bili bloki substrata namočeni v suspenziji vode z otrobi pšenice. Največ suhe snovi so imele gobe, kadar je bil substrat namočen s suspenzijo riževih otrobov. Izsledki te raziskave kažejo, da bi lahko nekatere pomembne lastnosti šitak izboljšali z namakanjem blokov substrata v vodi obogateni s hranili. Glede na rezultate je bila suspezija pšeničnih otrobov najboljša za povečanje produktivnosti šitak, suspenzija riževih otrobov pa za izboljšanje kvalitete gob.
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