There are four major blood groups in human based on the presence of A and B antigens. ABO gene encodes A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells and there are reported relations between this blood phenotype and pregnancy outcomes in the women. In this study, medical records of 792 healthy pregnant women were investigated and their age and blood test results including blood group with fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin, hematocrit, urea, creatinine and red blood cell counts were analyzed in statistical package for the social sciences. The RBC count in AB blood type was significantly higher than A and O blood group, also FBS level in the people with AB blood group was meaningfully higher than A group. But the mean of HGB and HCT were not significantly different between groups. The serum urea in the AB group was higher than the three other groups and also it was significantly higher in B compared to O and A blood groups. The serum creatinine in the AB group was higher than the three other groups too. Also it was significantly higher in the B group compared to A blood groups. These results indicate that the ABO blood group may have association with some of the risk factors of the unfavorable outcomes of pregnancy and it may be one of the prognostic tools, also it addresses more extensive studies.

Background and Objective:Social reactions to infertility are one of the concerns infertile people. This study aimed to investigate the social consequences of infertility among urban and rural population of Shahroud in northeast of Iran.Method:This study is a comparative study that was conducted in 2013. In this study, 1,528 women (511 infertile and 1017 fertile ones) were randomly selected. The 36-item questionnaire included 18 items about women’s attitude towards infertility and 18 questions about the consequences of infertility was used. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance and t test.Findings:The prevalence of infertility in rural areas was estimated to be 2.23 percent. 42.2% of the participants were living the city (n= 645) and 57.8 % were living in the village (n=883). 49.2% of the participants had education below high school diploma (n=751), 31.7% had high school diploma (n=484) and 19.2% had university degrees (n=293). 51.9% of the people referred to the infertility problem among distant relatives, 24.9% referred to infertility among the close relatives and 9% reported the infertility among their family members. The mean score of attitude of the fertile was 56.6±7.0 and that of the infertile was 56.8± 6.6 and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There was a significant association between fertility status and encouraging divorce, encouraging remarriage and encouraging adoption (P=0.001).Conclusion:Infertility causes a negative attitude toward infertile people. But the interference of others leads to further encouragement of divorce and remarriage among the infertile people.

Background:Physical education and sports science is one of the branches of humanities. The purpose of this study is determining the quantitative and qualitative rate of progress in scientific Production of Iran’s researcher in Web of Science.Methods:Research Methods is Scientometric survey and Statistical Society Includes 233 Documents From 1993 to 2012 are indexed in ISI.Results:Results showed that the time of this study, Iranian researchers’ published 233 documents in this base during this period of time which has been cited 1106(4.76 times on average). The H- index has also been 17. Iran’s most scientific productions in sports science realm was indexed in 2010 with 57 documents and the least in 2000.Conclusions:By considering the numbers of citations and the obtained H- index, it can be said that the quality of Iranian’s articles is rather acceptable but in comparison to prestigious universities and large number of professors and university students in this field, the quantity of outputted articles is very low.

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Background:Self-citation is one of the main challenges in the evaluation of researchers’ scientific output. This study aimed at comparing the institutional self-citation among the universities located in Northern Iran.Methods:This study was conducted as a scientometric study. Research population included all scientific productions of 16 Northern Iran Universities with at least 100 indexed documents indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) by 2 June 2015. The citation analysis section of WoS was used for data collection. SPSS was applied for data analysis. Study hypotheses were tested with two independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test.Results:Producing 16,399 papers, northern Iran universities had 5.33% of contribution in Iran’s scientific production. They received 84,058 citations with 17% and 12% of self-citations belonged to the non-medical and medical universities, respectively. Testing hypotheses revealed that increase in received citations significantly increases the rate of self-citation and increase in scientific production does not necessarily increase the rate of self-citation.Conclusion:The rate of self-citation in the studied universities was not relatively high. However, investigating into the factors affecting the rate of and motives for self-citation needs further research.

Turmeric was effective in faster healing of wounds of Caesarean operation. The use of turmeric is suggested to reduce the complications of the wounds from Caesarean section.

Studying the role of employees as the base of an organization on achieving organizational goals has increased in recent years [1]. To have better organizational citizens, organizations should encourage their staff [2]. As the most powerful form of organizational behavior, organizational citizenship is more influential than organizational cooperation [3]. Studies have shown that cooperative behavior, such as the citizenship behavior results in easier organizational communication, promoting organizational planning, improving inter-personal cooperation and developing better organizational climate, directly influence staff satisfaction, work life quality, service-provision, job commitment and financial output [4]. As the most fundamental organizational behavior, the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) causes so-called organizational effectiveness. This study Focused on the comparing organizational citizenship behavior components including conscientiousness, courtesy, altruism, sportsmanship and civic virtue among hospitals based on ownership. Research population included all therapeutic and non-therapeutic employees working in the five selected hospital located in Golestan province, Iran in 2016. This study is approved by Ethical committee of Islamic Azad Sari Branch. Based on Cochran׳s sampling formula, 312 employees working in different hospital sections and units (nurses and administrative personnel) were proportionally selected as the research sample. They completed the Persian version of Podsakoff׳s standard scale measuring organizational citizenship behavior. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and applying inferential statistics approaches such as t-test, Tukey, and ANOVA in the confidence interval of 95%.

Yeni beceriler öğrenmek, çalışanların özgüvenini büyük ölçüde arttırır ve organizasyonel hedeflerine ulaşmalarına yardımcı olur. Bu çalışma, hastanelerdeki örgütsel öğrenme düzeylerinin sahiplik türü açısından karşılaştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma, 2016 yılında analitik-tanımlayıcı bir yaklaşım kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma topluluğu üyeleri, Lorestan eyaletindeki aday hastanelerin 2,162 çalışanını kapsamaktadır. Örnek, Cochran'ın formülünü kullanarak % 95 güvenilirlik faktörü kullanılarak seçilen 339 kişiden oluşuyordu. Veri toplama araçları, Watkins ve Marsick'in standart anketinin (2003) Farsça baskısıydı. Toplanan veriler SPSS 20 yazılımı kullanılarak istatistiksel testler (Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi, t-testi ve ANOVA) kullanılarak analiz edildi ve p <0.05 anlamlı kabul edildi.Bulgular: Öğrenim ortalamasının ortalama puanı, öğretim hastaneleri için 2.77 ± 0.64, Sosyal Güvenlik hastaneleri için 2.57 ± 0.77, özel hastaneler için ise 3.21 ± 0.94 olarak bulunmuştur. Öğrenme değişkenleri varyansları bu üç tipte farklıydı (p <0.001). Ayrıca, bireysel öğrenme (p <0.001), grup öğrenme (p = 0.007) ve örgütsel öğrenme (p = 0.002) öğrenme yönleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Çalışma hastane mülkiyeti tipine dayanıyordu. Sonuç: Hastanelerde örgütsel öğrenim düzeyi, sahip oldukları tür bakımından önemli bir farklılık göstermektedir. Ortak hedeflere ulaşmak için alınan personelin güçlendirilmesi girişimleri, tüm personel için sürekli öğrenim için eşit fırsatlar oluşturulması ve kuruluşun çevreyle uygun bir ilişki kurmasıyla öğrenme düzeyi geliştirilebilir.