Conductive polymer, polypyrrole (PPy), was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization technique for a period of four hours at room temperature using pyrrole monomer (mPPy) in aqueous solution. Different oxidants such as ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) and ammonium persulphate (N 2 H 8 S 2 O 8 ) and surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (C 12 H 25 NaO 4 S) were used. The produced PPy samples were characterized by using different techniques such as the electrical resistivity by four probe technique, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The performance of the oxidants has been investigated and compared. It was found that both oxidants, FeCl 3 and N 2 H 8 S 2 O 8 , have decreased electrical resistivity as a function of temperature, which means increased conductivity. However, FeCl 3 has achieved better performance than N 2 H 8 S 2 O 8 , where it has achieved a lower resistivity of about 60 ohms at room temperature, which indicates higher conductivity of PPy samples with FeCl 3 as an oxidant. Similarly, further investigation of FeCl 3 oxidant has been conducted by varying its concentration, and its influence on the final properties was reported. It has been observed that the morphology of PPy samples has a significant influence on the conductivity. It was found that 0.1 M and 0.05 M concentrations of FeCl 3 oxidant and monomer, respectively, have achieved better thermal stability, which is FeCl 3 /mPPy ratio of 2 as an optimum value. FTIR and XRD results confirmed the structural formation of polypyrrole from pyrrole monomer during the synthesizing process.

Administration of insulin via pumps rather than injections was generally preferred. Participants reported most difficulty at the commencement of use. Pump therapy conferred benefits in terms of glycaemic control, general well-being, enabling young people to be more in control of their condition and live more normal lives, as reported by most participants. These are important goals of health policy for children/young people with long-term conditions in the UK.

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In this research work, graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were selected as alternative reinforcing nanofillers to enhance the properties of polypropylene (PP) using different compatibilizers called polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and ethylene-octene elastomer grafted maleic anhydride (POE-g-MA). A twin screw extruder was used to compound PP, GNP, and either the PP-g-MA or POE-g-MA compatibilizer. The effect of GNP loading on mechanical and thermal properties of neat PP was investigated. Furthermore, the influence and performance of different compatibilizers on the final properties, such as mechanical and thermal, were discussed and reported. Tensile, flexural, impact, melting temperature, crystallization temperature, and thermal stability were evaluated by using a universal testing system, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). For mechanical properties, it was found that increasing GNP content from 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% increased tensile strength of the neat PP up to 4 MPa. The influence of compatibilizers on the mechanical properties had been discussed and reported. For instance, the addition of PP-g-MA compatibilizer improved tensile strength of neat PP with GNP loading. However, the addition of compatibilizer POE-g-MA slightly decreased the tensile strength of neat PP. A similar trend of behavior was observed for flexural strength. For thermal properties, it was found that both GNP loading and compatibilizers have no significant influence on both crystallization and melting temperature of neat PP. For thermal stability, however, it was found that increasing the GNP loading had a significant influence on improving the thermal behavior of neat PP. Furthermore, the addition of compatibilizers into the PP/GNP nanocomposite had slightly improved the thermal stability of neat PP.

In this study, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was grafted and crosslinked by reactive extrusion melt compounding using different silane concentration with and without the presence of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay.The effects of different silane concentration and the addition of nanoclay filler on the degree of crosslinking, mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological properties were investigated and reported. Gel content results for all