Synthesis and Characterization of Conductive Polypyrrole: The Influence of the Oxidants and Monomer on the Electrical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties

Abstract

Conductive polymer, polypyrrole (PPy), was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization technique for a period of four hours at room temperature using pyrrole monomer (mPPy) in aqueous solution. Different oxidants such as ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) and ammonium persulphate (N 2 H 8 S 2 O 8 ) and surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (C 12 H 25 NaO 4 S) were used. The produced PPy samples were characterized by using different techniques such as the electrical resistivity by four probe technique, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The performance of the oxidants has been investigated and compared. It was found that both oxidants, FeCl 3 and N 2 H 8 S 2 O 8 , have decreased electrical resistivity as a function of temperature, which means increased conductivity. However, FeCl 3 has achieved better performance than N 2 H 8 S 2 O 8 , where it has achieved a lower resistivity of about 60 ohms at room temperature, which indicates higher conductivity of PPy samples with FeCl 3 as an oxidant. Similarly, further investigation of FeCl 3 oxidant has been conducted by varying its concentration, and its influence on the final properties was reported. It has been observed that the morphology of PPy samples has a significant influence on the conductivity. It was found that 0.1 M and 0.05 M concentrations of FeCl 3 oxidant and monomer, respectively, have achieved better thermal stability, which is FeCl 3 /mPPy ratio of 2 as an optimum value. FTIR and XRD results confirmed the structural formation of polypyrrole from pyrrole monomer during the synthesizing process.

Response Surface Optimization of Oil Removal Using Synthesized Polypyrrole-Silica Polymer Composite

“…This is probably as a result of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. This is consistent with findings by Zhao et al [ 30 ] and Yussuf et al [ 31 ] who studied the synthesis of polypyrrole. The double peak at 1607 cm −1 and 1615 cm −1 could be due to the stretching vibration of the C=C of pyrrole ring.…”

Ultrasensitive Stress Biomarker Detection Using Polypyrrole Nanotube Coupled to a Field-Effect Transistor

“…Figure 2d shows the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra of PPy NT and anti-cortisol IgG/PPy NT. The characteristic absorption peaks associated with PPy can be observed at 3400, 1549, 1424, 1046, 968, and 794 cm −1 , corresponding to N-H, C=C, C-C, and C-N stretching vibrations, as well as C-H in-plane and C-H out-of-plane vibrations, respectively [31]. After the conjugation of anti-cortisol IgG to PPy NT, its FTIR spectrum was investigated to confirm the presence of IgG.…”

The DC electrical Conductivity of prepared pure polypyrrole and polypyrrole /graphene (PPY/GN) nanocomposite by in-situ polymerization

“…The characteristic bands of GN was shown in Fig.7 at 1080.06 cm -1 was assigned to C-O stretching and at 1589.23 cm -1 was assigned to C-C vibration of carbon ring in graphene, the band observed in 2823.19 cm -1 attributed to C=O stretching [13]. The characteristic bands of PPy and GN are also observed for the nanocomposites but, it has a shift in the peaks because of the interaction between the PPy and GN surface, Fig.8.…”