The dry mycelium fertilizer (DMF) was produced from penicillin fermentation fungi mycelium (PFFM) following an acid-heating pretreatment to degrade the residual penicillin. In this study, it was applied into soil as fertilizer to investigate its effects on soil properties, phytotoxicity, microbial community composition, enzyme activities, and growth of snap bean in greenhouse. As the results show, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and organic matter of soil with DMF treatments were generally higher than CON treatment. In addition, the applied DMF did not cause heavy metal and residual drug pollution of the modified soil. The lowest GI values (<0.3) were recorded at DMF8 (36 kg DMF/plat) on the first days after applying the fertilizer, indicating that severe phytotoxicity appeared in the DMF8-modified soil. Results of microbial population and enzyme activities illustrated that DMF was rapidly decomposed and the decomposition process significantly affected microbial growth and enzyme activities. The DMF-modified soil phytotoxicity decreased at the late fertilization time. DMF1 was considered as the optimum amount of DMF dose based on principal component analysis scores. Plant height and plant yield of snap bean were remarkably enhanced with the optimum DMF dose.
In this research Ag2Mn8O16 nanocrystals/TiO2 nanotubes, photoelectrodes were successfully prepared through anodization and annihilation steps, followed by electrodeposition of MnO2 and Ag in a three electrodes cell. The obtained photoelectrodes were dried, then annealed for crystallization, the morphology and structure of the fabricated electrodes were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The light absorption and harvesting properties were investigated through UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS), photocatalytic performances were evaluated by degradation of 50 mL of Rhodamine B (5 mg L−1) under Xenon light irradiation for 2 h. Results illustrated that the fabricated photoelectrodes show remarkable photo-degradation properties of organic pollutants in aqueous mediums.
TiO 2 nanotube arrays were fabricated using electrochemical anodization of titanium foils, where different types of electrolytes were tested to determine conceptual choice for nanotubes fabrication. These electrolytes are 1M (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 containing 0.5% wt NH 4 F, 1M Na 2 SO 4 containing 0.5% wt NH 4 F, 1M NaF containing 0.5% wt (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and a mixture of water: ethylene glycol 1:9 containing 0.5% wt NH 4 F. The foils were marked as EG type (Ethylene Glycol), AS type (Ammonium sulfate), SS type (sodium sulfate) and SF type (sodium fl uoride). The photocatalytic capabilities and characterization of the fabricated NTAs were analyzed using SEM, XRD, and DRS. The degradation ratio of designated organic pollutants (Rhodamine B) was analyzed. The obtained results have proven that foils fabricated using Ethylene glycol have signifi cant photocatalytic abilities, with a degradation ratio of EG-SS-SF-AS types being 80% to 85%, 70% to 80%, 70% to 75% and 52% to 55%, respectively.
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