Thin film is a thin material that is resulting from the condensation of species through the deposition of atoms on the substrate. Thin films are usually used in the production of electronic devices, optical coatings, solar cells, and for decorative items. The bilayer of TiO2/ZnO and ZnO TiO2 thin films have some advantages such as can enhance the surface state and surface atomic mobility, which are useful for improving the photocatalytic activity. The motivation to a used double layer of ZnO and TiO2 is to enhance the properties and photocatalytic activity using the different deposition temperature between the layers. The structural of ZnO/TiO2 thin films were studied using X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) was used to determine the surface morphology of ZnO/TiO2 thin films. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO/TiO2 thin films was analysed using the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) solution. The XRD analysis revealed that highest anatase crystalline phase for TiO2 growth with orientation (1 0 1), while the ZnO crystal phase, zincite occurred at the highest intensity with (1 0 1) orientation.. The bilayer TiO2/ZnO thin film had the highest reaction rate, K, which is 0.0972 h-1 for photocatalytic activity. The characteristics of bilayer TiO2/ZnO and ZnO/TiO2 thin-film is strongly influenced by the calcination temperature and the presence and combination between the two types of materials.
Bamboo-shaped Carbon Nanostructures (BSCNs) and carbon nanofilaments (CNFs) have been successfully grown on carbon fibre coated with iron catalyst by chemical vapour deposition of ethene (C2H4). The reaction was carried out at 800°C with varied hydrogen and ethene ratios of 20/80, 50/50 and 80/20. TEM analysis showed the bamboo-shaped carbon nanostructures were best grown at 50/50 of hydrogen and ethene ratio, whilst disorder carbon nanofibres were grown when the ratio increased to 80/20, and less or no carbon nanofibres were observed at hydrogen and ethane ratio of 20/80 due to inactive of catalyst particle. The outer diameter of BSCNs consisting of hollow compartment was in the range of 40 ~ 48 nm and encapsulated catalyst particle were not observed at the tip or in the middle, indicating a bottom-growth. The formation of compartment was dependent on diffusion of carbon atom in the catalyst and the possible growth mechanism is explained.
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