The collapse strength of tubulars with recess patterns machined into their walls is an important topic for oil field downhole tools, especially in hollow carrier perforating gun systems. This paper presents a study of the plastic collapse behavior of thick-walled tubulars (those with an outside diameter to thickness ratio of approximately ten) having different patterns of circular recesses (blind holes partially machined into the tubing wall) that are subjected to external pressure. An empirical relationship between the reduction in collapse strength and the periodic distribution of recesses was constructed to account for the weakening effects of recess diameter, recess depth, axial spacing, angular phasing, etc. This strength reduction factor was introduced into the Tamano formula to predict collapse strength of recessed tubulars. Applicability of this empirical formula was validated with the aid of nonlinear, postbuckling finite element analyses (FEA). The strength reduction factor in combination with the Tamano formula provides a simple way of parametrically predicting the collapse strength of tubulars having circular recess patterns.
In offshore wells, the pressure fluctuations caused by the ocean tide can be used to inform on the mechanical properties of the reservoir, in particular its compressibility. Such phenomena is not associated with water movement, except at the microscopic level. In heterogeneous reservoirs, these pressure oscillations can cause macroscopic movement of water, which can serve as the basis for the estimation of reservoir flow properties. The purpose of this study is to develop a set of analytical solutions that describe the pressure variations in a heterogeneous reservoir, in terms of amplitude ratio and phase shift. The solutions were developed using the coupled fluid flow-geomechanics equation for a reservoir under uniaxial tidal loading. This study looks in particular at three geometries of inhomogeous diffusion—radial composite, linear composite and composite slab.
Summary Offshore reservoirs are subjected to pressure loading from the ocean tide. The resulting pressure fluctuation, notably its amplitude and phase, provides valuable information regarding the formation compressibility and heterogeneity. The purpose of the present study is twofold: First, to propose a method for calculating tidal efficiency from harmonic analysis of regional tide stations and detrended bottomhole pressure (BHP), and second, to compare the compressibility from tidal analysis with that obtained from rock-mechanics measurements and material balance. This case study is on a fractured oil field for which matrix laboratory measurements alone cannot capture the large-scale formation compressibility that is driven by the fracture distribution. This paper will show how, in the absence of seabed-pressure measurements, a synthetic diurnal tide can be simulated by interpolating the harmonic constituents of neighboring tide stations. The validity of this method was confirmed on two offshore fields. A new procedure that combines a Savitzky and Golay (1964) (SG) filter and cubic splines gave satisfactory results to filter out the tidal signal residual from the reservoir-transient response for both buildup and interference tests. In addition, this paper found that wells in fractured areas of the field have higher rock compressibility and exhibit a higher tidal efficiency. The same effect is observed in flank wells with higher water saturation. Conversely, the tidal efficiency is dramatically reduced in wells experiencing gas breakthrough.
The collapse strength of tubulars with recess patterns machined into their walls is an important topic for oilfield downhole tools as it applies to perforating guns, prepacked sand screens, and perforated and slotted liners. This paper presents a study of the plastic collapse behavior of thick-walled tubulars (those with an outside diameter to thickness ratio of approximately 10) having different patterns of circular recesses (blind holes partially machined into the tubing wall) that are subjected to external pressure. An empirical relationship between the reduction in collapse strength and the periodic distribution of recesses was constructed to account for the weakening effects of recess diameter, recess depth, axial spacing, angular phasing, etc. This strength reduction factor was introduced into the Tamano formula to predict collapse strength of recessed tubulars. Applicability of this empirical formula was validated with the aid of nonlinear, post-buckling Finite Element Analyses (FEA). The modeling approach was verified by full-scale physical tests. However, results of the physical testing are not presented in this paper. The strength reduction factor in combination with the Tamano formula provides a simple way of parametrically predicting the collapse strength of tubulars having circular recess patterns.
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