Background Endometriosis is regarded as a benign condition, despite the potential for recurrence and metastasis,. It might lead to secondary ovarian cancer from endometrioma. Objective The aim of this current study was to determine the relationship between risk factors for endometriosis and disease stages. Methods This current cross-sectional study was performed at the endoscopic unit at Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. The participants included 85 women who were candidates for laparoscopy and diagnosed with endometriosis in the period from November 2019 to November 2020. The tools used for data collection were a structured interviewing form and the American Society of Reproductive Medicine scoring tool (ASRM) for determining stages of endometriosis. Results The high percentages of studied women were nulliparous (74.1%) and (51.8%) have secondary infertility. Endometriosis was staged as 20.0% minimal (ASRM stage I), 34.1% mild (ASRM stage II), 29.4% moderate (ASRM stage III), and 16.5% severe (ASRM stage IV). Congestive dysmenorrhea (78.8%), dyspareunia (77.6%), and secondary infertility (51.8%) were more reported symptoms in all stages of endometriosis. Conclusion This study concluded that women within reproductive age, nulliparity, lower body weight, urban residence, and past surgery of the pelvic were considered as risk factors in all disease stages.
The problem of preterm births (PTBs) is a multidimensional public health concern affecting not only maternal and child health but also reflects on the society. Aim: The study was conducted to identify maternal lifestyle and behavioral factors affecting the prevalence of spontaneous preterm birth. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive case-control design was used to conduct the study, between March 2014 and December 2014, in Zagazig University Hospital. Questionnaire was included: A structured interview questionnaire sheet, and maternal lifestyle and behavior factors assessment sheet. Results: The prevalence rate of spontaneous preterm birth was 5.0% among all deliveries encountered in the study setting. The most significant risk factors associated with risk of spontaneous preterm births were inadequate number of antenatal visits, interpregnancy period less than one year, type of occupation, and night work. Moreover, the maternal short sleep duration (≤6 hours) and vital exhaustion were determined as significant risk factors for spontaneous preterm births. Conclusion: The study concluded that proper nutrition, appropriate sleep and work, avoiding serious life event are approaches that may aid prevention of spontaneous preterm births problem in Egyptian society. In addition, raising awareness of mothers about lifestyle and behavior characteristics to reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Recommendations: There is a need for better understanding of intervention strategies to improve lifestyle conditions in pregnancy.
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