Risk Factors for Endometriosis Among Egyptian Infertile Women with Different Disease Stages

Abstract

Background Endometriosis is regarded as a benign condition, despite the potential for recurrence and metastasis,. It might lead to secondary ovarian cancer from endometrioma. Objective The aim of this current study was to determine the relationship between risk factors for endometriosis and disease stages. Methods This current cross-sectional study was performed at the endoscopic unit at Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. The participants included 85 women who were candidates for laparoscopy and diagnosed with endometriosis in the period from November 2019 to November 2020. The tools used for data collection were a structured interviewing form and the American Society of Reproductive Medicine scoring tool (ASRM) for determining stages of endometriosis. Results The high percentages of studied women were nulliparous (74.1%) and (51.8%) have secondary infertility. Endometriosis was staged as 20.0% minimal (ASRM stage I), 34.1% mild (ASRM stage II), 29.4% moderate (ASRM stage III), and 16.5% severe (ASRM stage IV). Congestive dysmenorrhea (78.8%), dyspareunia (77.6%), and secondary infertility (51.8%) were more reported symptoms in all stages of endometriosis. Conclusion This study concluded that women within reproductive age, nulliparity, lower body weight, urban residence, and past surgery of the pelvic were considered as risk factors in all disease stages.

Effect of educational program based on Levine's conservation model on the quality of life of infertile women

“…Also, 57.8% of the study group were employee, while 51.1% of control group were housewife. Moreover, (62.2% and 68.9) of the study and control group were from rural area, respectively Figure (1) displays that, there was no significant variation between study and control group concerning knowledge about infertility at pre intervention phase (P= > 0.05)While there was greatly statistical variation between study & control groups at post intervention & follow up with relation to every aspect of knowledge about infertility.…”

“…Table (1) exhibits that, 48.9 % of the studied women' age ranged from 30-< 40 years for study group with Mean ± SD] 31.73±5.24]while 51.1 % ranged from 20-<30 years for control group with mean age ( (30.53±5.25) Regarding to educational level, ]48.9 % and 44.4%] of the research and control group had secondary education, respectively. Also, 57.8% of the study group were employee, while 51.1% of control group were housewife.…”

Assessing awareness of non-Medical Students at Menoufia University toward Endometriosis

“…There were 636 candidates for laparoscopy at the endoscopic unit in Zagazig University Hospitals. 85 cases out of them were diagnosed with endometriosis (Abd El-Kader et al, 2022). In addition, regarding recent literature, the non-modifiable risk factors for endometriosis include age, family history, education level, and the age of the first menstruation (Hemmert et al, 2019;Yu & Joo, 2023).…”