Curcumin (CMN) has been well studied due to its economic and medical importance. Traditional Egyptian Medicine claims the use of its powder against biliary disorders, anorexia, coryza, cough, diabetic wounds, hepatic disorder, rheumatism and sinusitis. The current study was designed to examine the possible beneficial effect of CMN in preventing the acute renal failure and related oxidative stress caused by chronic administration of cyclosporine (CsA) in rats. The study included two experiments, the first one was carried out to follow up the changes that could occur in kidney function as a result of cyclosporine (CsA) administration. Cyclosporine administration exerted significant (P< 0.01) elevation of serum urea, creatinine, potassium (K), parathormone (PTH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA). Meanwhile, cyclosporine treatment exerted significant (P< 0.01) decline in the level of serum sodium (Na) and total nitric oxide (NO), the content of kidney reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (G px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as compared with their corresponding normal rats. In the second experiment, the nephritic rats were treated with curcumin and remarkable corrections were occurred in all previous parameters. Thus, the current investigation was designed to examine the possible beneficial effect of CMN in preventing the renal failure and related oxidative stress caused by administration of CsA in rats.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and anaemia in adult male albino rats. A control group (saline, group I, n = 21) was compared with rats administrated 80 mg/kg gentamicin, once daily for 10 days (groups II, n = 49). After 10 days 7 rats from each group were sacrificed for investigation. The remaining of normal control rats was served as normal control group (Group 1) (14 rats), while 42 nephrotoxic rats subdivide in to: Subgroup 2 (control 2): Nephrotoxic rats (14 rats). Subgroup 3: Nephrotoxic rats were injected intraperitoneal with L-carnitine (300 mg/kg/day) for 15 and 30 days (14 rats). Subgroup 4: Nephrotoxic rats were injected intraperitoneal with L-carnitine (600 mg/kg/day) for 15and30 days (14 rats). At the end of each experiment period, 7 rats from each groups were sacrificed. The effect of L-carnitine (group III and IV) was compared. The activities of biochemical parameters [urea, creatinine, β 2microglobulin, potassium (K), total oxidant status (TOS)] and [iron (Fe), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and ferritin] increased in nephrotoxic rats, while total protein, sodium (Na) and total antioxidant status (TAS) decreased and in haematological parameters osmotic fragility increased but haemoglobin and red blood cells (RBCs) decreased in nephrotoxic rats. Administration of L-carnitine improved alterations of biochemical and haematological parameters. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that treatment with L-carnitine attenuated the biochemical and haematological alterations induced by gentamicin and identifies new areas of research for development of better therapeutic agents for kidney and better dose.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used drugs in inflammation treatment. NSAIDs are associated with several side effects especially on the stomach. Considering these limitations of NSAIDs side effect, alternate natural nontoxic antioxidant with potent antiulcer activity such as ginger or curcumin was needed. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the correction role of ranitidine alone or with ginger or/and curcumin on aspirin induced gastric ulcer in adult male albino rats. Gastric ulcer in rats was induced by administered aspirin (500mg/Kg body weight/day) for three successive days to the animals. The obtained data revealed that aspirin induced a significant (p<0.05) increase in macroscopic ulcer score, gastric acidity and gastric production of mucosal non-protein sulfhrydryl group than those in control ones. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β & IL-8) were significantly (p<0.05) increase associated with remarkable elevation in the levels of total oxidant capacity and malondialdehyde (MDA) in ulcergenic rats. On the other hand, aspirin caused significant (p<0.05) decrease in the gastric total anti-oxidant capacity, prostaglandine E2, cyclooxygenase and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) levels as compared to control rats. These disturbances in all the pervious parameters were ameliorated after the ulcerogenic rats treated with ginger, curcumin or their mixture accompanied with ranitidine treatment dependent on the time of administration (1&2 weeks). These findings are consistent with the concept that curcumin and ginger are antioxidant agents. The underlying mechanisms of these effects were discussed with available recent researches.
The present investigation was conducted to elucidate the effects of taurine or oxygen molecules (Aquagen) or their mixture as anticancer agents in rats which were injected with N-nitrosodiethylamine (NED) in the presence of phenobarbital to promote cancer induction. As a result of cancer induction, serum tumor markers [Carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and cancer antigen 19.9 (CA 19.9)] were significantly elevated. On the other hand, glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione peroxidase (Gp X) activity were decreased significantly in blood, liver, stomach and intestine. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and cytochrome P 450 activities were also decreased in the cancer group of rats in comparison to the control group. The administration of taurine or oxygen molecules (Aquagen) improved all these alterations and the maximum ameliorating effects were exhibited in the rats treated with the mixture of the anti-oxidant agents. The results of this worke suggested that taurine or oxygen molecules (Aquagen) has an appreciable anti-cancer efficacy.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents one of the most common liver diseases. It is strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance and thought to be parameters of the metabolic syndrome. NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis then to cirrhosis and liver failure. This study aimed to investigate whether silymarin or/and taurine can improve non-alcoholic fatty liver in an animal model and whether this therapeutic approach can result amelioration in carbohydrates profile (serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index and hepatic glycogen), lipids profile (serum cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, leptin and adiponectin as well as hepatic total lipids & cholesterol), liver function profile (serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, total protein, albumin and haptoglobin) and the cytokines profile (serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß and interleukin-6). The obtained results revealed a significant (p<0.001) increase in carbohydrates profile (glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index & hepatic glycogen) in NAFLD rats than those in their control ones. Similary, lipid parameters (serum cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and leptin as well as hepatic total lipids & cholesterol) and liver function tests (serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and haptoglobin)were significantly (p<0.001) elevated in NAFLD rats compared with their corresponding control group. On the other hand, induction of NAFLD to rats caused a significant (p<0.001) decrease in adiponectin level with a remarkable decrease in serum total protein and albumin. A considerable (p<0.001) elevation were occurred in all cytokines parameters (serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß and interleukin-6) in NAFLD rats group compared with their corresponding control group. When, NAFLD rats group was treated with silymarin or/and taurine, a considerable amelioration effects in all previous studied parameters were pronounced dependent on certain mechanisms and time of treatment. In conclusion, silymarin or/and taurine reduced metabolic abnormalities associated with NAFLD via inhibition the oxidative stress, increment in the stabilization of mitochondrial membrane, reduction the lipid accumulation in the liver, enhancement in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and improving insulin resistance. Overall, silymarin and taurine may be considered as promising and novel therapies for the treatment of NAFLD.
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