Melamine salt of pentaerythritol phosphate kaolin (MPPK) was synthesized by the reaction of pentaerythritol phosphate with kaolin (K) and melamine. The structure of MPPK was confirmed by EDXS, 1H NMR, FTIR, and XRD. MPPK was blended with polypropylene (PP) at different loading levels. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that MPPK improved the thermal stability of PP at high temperatures in all PP composites. Vertical burning rate test manifested that PP composites can achieve V0 at 20% and 25% MPPK loading levels. Cone calorimeter data exhibited that addition of 25% MPPK to PP reduced peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) by 86% and 76% and increased the char residue after test to 67%. The results of PP/25% MPPK composite were compared with the data obtained from PP containing 25% K and 25% of traditional intumescent flame retardant composed of melamine phosphate (MP), pentaerythritol (PE), and K. The outcomes indicated that MPPK was more efficient in flame retardancy than the other systems. The digital photographs and SEM images for char residue demonstrated that MPPK succeeded in forming cellular and coherent char layer on the PP surface. The main advantage of adding 25% MPPK to PP was its ability to preserve nearly the inner half of the sample without burning after cone calorimeter test.

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An acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene–nanotube composite with enhanced thermal and fire‐retardant properties was prepared. A synergism between the nanotubes and an intumescent flame‐retardant system and a suppression of toxic gases were found.

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New smart flame retardant textile fabrics have been developed. Halloysite nanotubes have been used as flame retardant filler for textile fabrics. A facile and environmentally friendly vapor phase polymerization method was used for the polymerization of polypyrrole layer covering the surface of halloysite nanotubes and textile fabrics. The developed fabrics achieved interesting electrical conductivity properties. The electrical resistance of the developed one reached up to 0.21 kΩ compared with the 45,000 kΩ for blank textile fabrics, which represent the enhancement in the electrical conductivity of the new textile nanocomposites. The flame retardancy and thermal stability of the new textile nanocomposites were improved. The rate of burning was recorded as zero and 149.3 mm min À1 for developed textile nanocomposites and blank, respectively, achieving high class fire resistant fabrics. The electrical and flame retardancy properties were controlled by the preparation method. In addition, the mechanical properties of the developed fabrics were studied to achieve an enhancement in elongation. The blank and developed textiles were characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, thermal gravimetric analysis, mechanical testing and electrical resistivity measurements.

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