Comparing SLR by invaginating the whole staple line using unidirectional absorbable 3/0 V-Loc 180 sutures (Covidien, Mansfield, MA, USA) to no SLR in a relatively large cohort of patients undergoing LSG, in a randomized controlled prospective study, has proved statistically significant value for SLR by invaginating sutures.

Wireless communication is becoming crucial to advanced manufacturing. Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing depend on networked industrial automation systems. The term Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has been used to describe the deployment of interconnected machines, sensors, and actuators within modernized factories. The adoption of wireless systems is essential to these IIoT deployments. Wireless automation significantly reduces capital investment costs including conduit, cables, networking equipment, and labor of installation. To enable the adoption of wireless systems at the factory-floor level, wireless requirements must be established to realize the benefits of wireless communication systems within those factories. One challenge is that existing wireless standards lack technical specifications that support low-latency and high-reliability communication for factory applications. Additionally, requirements for such capabilities are published or advertised without validation of said requirements. Often, requirements published by standards development organizations appear excessively strict and unvalidated by empirical study. Moreover, those requirements ignore the capabilities of the applications to use their own intelligence to compensate for lost reliability in the network. This report analyzes existing wireless user requirements stated by industry organizations and it produces a combined perspective on wireless user requirements for the factory workcell with supporting rationale.

From our experience, we suggest that GB not to be offered as a first choice for obese male patients.

Background Lingering severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in gut tissue might be a source of infection during bariatric surgery. This study aimed to confirm the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid in gastric and gallbladder tissues removed during bariatric surgery in individuals previously infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who had negative polymerase chain reaction results prior to the surgery. Methods Gastric and gallbladder specimens from 80 patients who underwent bariatric surgery between November 2021 and May 2022 and had a history of COVID-19 infection with gastrointestinal symptoms were examined for the presence of lingering SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins using immunohistochemistry. Results Gastric specimens from 26 (32.5%) patients and 4 (100%) cholecystectomy specimens showed positive cytoplasmic staining for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in surface mucosal epithelial cells. The mean age was 37.8 ± 10.3 years. The average body mass index was 44.2 ± 7.0 kg/m2; most of the patients were females (71.3%). The positive staining group was significantly younger than the negative staining group (p = 0.007). The full-dose vaccination rate was 58.8%, with a median of 91 days after the last vaccine dose. A positive serological anti-spike IgG response was observed in 99% of the patients. The median time between initial COVID-19 infection and surgery was 274 and 380 days in the positive and negative staining groups, respectively (p = 0.371). Conclusion Gastric and gallbladder tissues can retain SARS-CoV-2 particles for a long time after COVID-19 infection, handling stomach specimens from patients during an operation must be done with care, as we usually do, but now with the knowledge that in 1/3 of patients they can be present. Performing LSG on post-COVID patients did not seem to increase perioperative morbidity. Graphical Abstract

into useful information if the signal energy was high enough to overcome naturally and artificially occurring noise and interference. Multi-path reflections may result in significant interference and information loss even if signal power is high. 2.3.2 RF Considerations The following terms and definitions will help the reader to better understand the vocabulary used in wireless technology and have a stronger understanding of wireless networking considerations. 2.3.2.1 General Concepts and Definitions Antenna-A device that converts electrical energy into propagating electromagnetic waves or the reverse. Antenna Polarity-The orientation of the directionality of electromagnetic waves produced by an antenna. Common polarities are vertical, horizontal, and circular. Receive antennas should be oriented such that its polarity matches that of the transmitting antenna polarity. Bandwidth-The amount of spectrum occupied by a signal. For example, a standard IEEE 802.11g transmission will use a nominal 22 MHz of bandwidth. An IEEE 802.15.4 transmission on which ZigBee, WirelessHART, and ISA100 Wireless are designed will use a nominal 5 MHz of bandwidth. Carrier-A single frequency sinusoidal signal represented by a vertical line or spike in frequency. Channel-A term used to identify a physical communications link and includes the characteristics of the entire path of information flow from transmitter to receiver. A channel is defined by electrical and electromagnetic characteristics of the transmission medium such as bandwidth and distortions. Interference-RF power, typically in the RF band of interest, that disrupts communications by inhibiting the ability of a receiver to decode a transmission. Sources of interference could include anything that radiates electromagnetic (EM) energy such as machinery and undesirable radio devices. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)-Ratio of signal power to naturally occurring emissions such as thermal noise and cosmic background radiation. Maximizing SNR is the primary goal of wireless communications. Signal-to-Noise-And-Interference Ratio (SNIR)-Ratio of signal power to the sum of naturally occurring noise power and interference power. Minimizing the contribution of interference to SNIR is an important goal of a wireless communications system. Power Decibels-A logarithmic representation of a voltage or power relative to a reference. Power is converted to decibels by the equation 10 10 log Pp . The notation dBW and dBm represent power levels relative to 1 Watt and 1 milliwatt, respectively. The notation dB denotes a ratio of two numbers and should not be used to denote power. Link Budget-Calculations that predict the probability that a transmission will be successfully detected and decoded by the receiver. A link budget will account for transmission power, signal formatting, noise, signal distortions, interference, receiver characteristics, and the link reliability requirements. Link Margin-The difference in decibels (dB) between the ability of a receiver to successfully receive a transmission and...

In 2016, the Enhanced Recovery After Bariatric Surgery guidelines (G16) was published, and in 2022, an update to it was released (G22). Grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations (GRADE), emphasizing the level of evidence (LoE) of both the guidelines, was performed. An overview of methodology was also performed, considering the following questions: how can research be improved, what can be done in the future using data, and how to collaborate more? Both guidelines did not explain how the LoE conclusions were derived regarding the risk of bias. There is also potential for forming a global consortium that deals with bariatric research, which can serve as a repository for all relevant data. Ensuring that this data is FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, reusability) compliant and using this data to formulate future guidelines will benefit clinicians and patients alike.

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