Background: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical disorder developed by bacterial blood stream infections in neonates. CBC indices, such as platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), PDW have been used as markers of systemic inflammation in children and adults. Objective: To assess MPV and platelets function in neonatal sepsis. Patients and Methods: This study was a case control, which included 50 cases and 50 controls. All participants were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, CBC, C-reactive protein, blood cultures and assessment of mean platelets volume.Results: There was a significant decrease in haemoglobin level, RBCs count, and platelet count. While, there was significant increase in WBCs count and MPV in the patient group than in the control group. Mean value of platelet count was statistically significantly lower among cases than in control. MPV was significantly higher in patients than controls. PDW was statistically significantly lower among cases than in controls. MPV showed significant negative correlation with gestational age, birth weight and platelet count. While it showed statistically significant positive correlation with CRP. Conclusion:Mean value of platelet count and PDW were statistically significant lower among cases than in control while MPV was significantly higher in patients than in controls. So, platelet function could be a useful early diagnostic marker in neonatal sepsis.
Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major Gram-positive pathogen responsible for pneumonia, bactermia, otitis media, and meningitis leading to considerable morbidity and mortality among children and elderly individuals. The primary goals of antibiotic treatment of respiratory tract infections are clinical efficacy of treatment, pathogen eradication, and prevention of resistance development. Resistance to fluoroquinolones in S. pneumoniae arises in a stepwise fashion and results from alterations in the target binding site due to the acquisition of spontaneous mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase genes. Although mutations usually occur in the QRDRs of parC and gyrA, a role for mutations in the parE subunit in low-level resistance has been reported. Aim of the work: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance Streptococcus pneumoniae (FQRSP) and to examine the genetic relatedness of pneumococcal isolates with parE and gyrA genes mutations in different specimens in Sohag University Hospital. Patients and Methods: This study was prospectively conducted over a period of 24 months between October 2015 and September 2017, at Sohag university hospital. During the study period, 78 patients hospitalized for a syndrome consistent with a diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) included in this study with a mean age of 34.5 years (range, 2 to 67), 60% of whom were males. A CAP syndrome was defined as a newly recognized pulmonary infiltrate together with 2 of the following findings: subjective fever or documented temperature 37.4 °C, increased cough, sputum production, or shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, confusion, rales, leukocytosis, (according to age) (1). Patients who had taken antibiotic treatment within 3 days prior to initial visit were excluded from this study. Results: Our study illustrate the role of mutation in the gyrA&parE genes and the effect of mutations in the both genes in fluoroquinolone resistance among S. pneumoniae isolates. Conclusion: The present study provide an opportunity to view the predominant mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to FQs in clinical pneumococcal isolates. There is a strong relationship between these mutations and decrese susceptibility to the most fameous FQs to some extent, although this varies between strains and for each drug.
β-thalassemia is one of the most frequent autosomal recessive diseases that has a high recurrence in people of the Mediterranean zone, the Middle East, India, the Far East, Tropical Africa, and the Caribbean. Parents who are both carriers for β-thalassemia have a 25% danger to give a child with β-thalassemia major, a disorder that requires a longlasting blood transfusion and costly iron-chelation treatment. The most accessible strategies for pre-birth diagnosis are chorionic villus sampling (CVS) somewhere in the range of 11 and 14 weeks and amniocentesis following 15 weeks and both are invasive procedures and cause dangers to the fetus and mother, having a danger of abortion 1 in 100-200 and 1 in 200-400, respectively. The accuracy of these methods is estimated to be 98-99%. Cell-free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) can be found in maternal plasma following 18 days from fertilized egg implantation in Pregnancies after lab conception and resembles extracellular DNA. The discovery of cff-DNA in maternal plasma has led to the evolution of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Some genomic loci of cff-DNA show methylated sequences unique in relation to circling maternal DNA, this trademark can be utilized to evaluate and demonstrate the presence of fetal DNA during pregnancy, independent of the sex of the embryo. the two major limitations for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPND) are the small amount of cff-DNA in maternal blood and its coexistence with maternal free DNA.we study investigations used in the detection of inherited mutation of β-thalassemia in maternal plasma during pregnancy using cell-free fetal DNA and evaluate the diagnostic test performance of cff-DNA for this issue.157
Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was beneficial in the department of surgery for 2 many years; there has been modern importance inside the usage of PRP for the therapy of sports-related damages. increase factors and bioactive proteins found in PRP that affect the restoration of tendon, ligament, muscle, and bone. this article studies the main technological know-how of PRP, and it defines the cuttingedge medical makes use of in sports medication and other uses of PRP. Objective: The goal of the study is to study platelet-rich plasma and its types, to discuss methods of preparations and its clinical applications Summary: PRP hastens the rate of gentle tissue damage restoration, there are many ability benefits. First, there's a little hazard of rejection due to the fact the injection is from the patient's own autologous blood. 2nd, PRP can be produced in an easy and comparatively cheaper manner instead of the greater complex manner of gathering stem cells. Conclusion: mainly PRP and items related to PRP have been added to an assorted variety of tissues in a significant number of careful fields. The general point of PRP is to give an incredible focal point of platelet development viewpoints to encourage healing. This present survey proposes that PRP might be valuable in sports medicine
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