This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the Diyala Tributary on the physical – chemical factors of the Tigris River. A water sample was collected monthly from five sites. Site 1 was located on the Tigris River before joining the Diyala with Tigris River, site 2 was located on Diyala River, site 3 was located on the Tigris River after 500m from joining area of Tigris with Diyala River, Finally site 4&5 was located 3, 5 Km of site 3 respectively downstream Tigris River. The results of this study illustrated that the variations in the values of turbidity and the total suspended solids in the Tigris River and Diyala Tributary were not sharp, whereas there was clear effect of Diyala Tributary by raising the values of the electrical conductivity, salinity, TDS, BOD5, total hardness, bicarbonate, sulphate of the Tigris River. Also there was an increase in the phosphate and nitrate concentrations with depletion of dissolved oxygen at site 2 which located on Diyala Tributary that affected on Tigris River significantly.
This research aims to explore if curcumin (CUR) can protect male albino rats from diclofenac (DIC) sodium-induced hepatotoxicity. The adult male Albino rats were divided into four groups (n=8) in this study. Control group: corn oil (i.p.) was given every day for seven days. CURtreated group was given CUR (200 mg/kg, i.p.) every day for seven days. DIC-treated group was given corn oil (i.p.) every day for seven days, followed by DIC single dose (150 mg/kg, i.p) 2 hours after last corn oil injection. DIC+CUR-treated group was given CUR (200 mg/kg i.p.) every day for seven days followed by DIC single dose (150 mg/kg, i.p.) two hours following the last CUR injection. Animals were sacrificed twenty-four hours following the last treatment. Blood serum was collected and tested for liver function markers. The liver was removed and used for biochemical and light microscopic examinations. The data showed that serum AST, ALT levels, as well as hepatic MDA, NO, and TNFα levels were significantly higher in the DIC-treated group than in the control group. While, serum total protein and albumin levels, as well as hepatic SOD levels, were significantly reduced. In contrast to the DIC-treated group, pretreatment with CUR resulted in a significant decrease in AST, ALT, MDA, NO, and TNF-α as well as a significant increase in total protein, albumin, and SOD levels. CUR pretreatment also ameliorated the histological alterations. In conclusion, CUR treatment provided excellent protection against DIC-induced liver toxicity and oxidative damage in rats.
Background: Screening for Early Detection of Breast Cancer remains the primary way to prevent the development of life-threatening. The women's health initiative is designed to screen carcinoma of the breast at an early stage, pursue clinical examination, and provide free of charge treatment, focusing on reproductive health. Aim of the study: to investigate women's perception regarding the ministry of health initiatives plan for early detection of breast cancer among women in Fayoum city. Research Design: Descriptive approach was used in this study. Setting: The study was conducted in Fayoum University. Sample type: A purposive sample was selected. Sample size: 300 female employees were included in the study. Tools: Two tools of data collection were used structured interviewing questionnaire and Likert attitude scale. Results: The study showed that 51.3% of the studied sample had incorrect knowledge regarding initiatives for early detection of breast cancer.65.3% of the studied sample had negative attitude regarding initiatives for early detection of breast cancer. There was highly significant positive correlation between total correct knowledge regarding breast cancer and total correct knowledge regarding initiatives for early detection of breast cancer among studied sample. Conclusion: The present study was concluded more than half among the studied sample had incorrect knowledge initiatives plan for early detection of breast cancer. Recommendations: Design and implement periodically awareness raising program to motivate female employee to seek Egyptian initiative. Design brochure about the importance of national initiatives plan for early detection of breast cancer, their distributed among university employee at universities.
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