BackgroundAdolescents rarely seek psychiatric help; they even hesitate to disclose their feelings to their parents. However; the adolescents especially the females experience depressive symptoms more frequently than general population. Do they experience classic depressive symptoms? Are there symptoms specific to this subpopulation?Aim of the studyThrough this study, the authors aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive disorders in Egyptian adolescent female students. They also expected a characteristic profile of symptoms for the adolescent females. However available literature provides no guidance in the description of this profile of symptoms.MethodsA number of 602 adolescent females were interviewed, and subjected to General Health Questionnaire (GHQ); Children Depression Inventory (CDI), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders (SCID-I), then Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Ham-D). Results were analyzed by the use of SPSS-15.ResultsThe study revealed the prevalence of depression in the sample of the study to be 15.3% (measured by CDI), and 13.3% (measured by SCID-I). Fatigue was the most common presenting depressive symptom (81.3%), in addition to other emotional, cognitive and physiological symptoms. Suicidal ideations were the most common suicidal symptoms in depressed adolescent females (20%), with 2.5% serious suicidal attempts.ConclusionsThe somatic symptoms were by far the most common presenting symptom for female adolescents suffering from depressive disorders. Depressive phenomena including unexplained fatigue, decreased energy, psychomotor changes, lack of concentration, weight changes and suicidal ideations may be the presenting complaints instead of the classic sad mood.

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A 70-day rearing trial was done to determine the optimal frequency of feeding on growth performance (GP), feed conversion rate (FCR), cannibalism, survival rate (SR), body chemical composition and economic efficiency of the Asian sea bass. This study tested four different treatments of feeding frequencies (FF), once (T1), twice (T2), three times (T3), and four times (T4) per day. An average initial weight of Asian sea bass fry was 0.2 g (SD = ±0.12) were stocked 10 individuals per m 3 (9.14 m × 1.82 m × 1.22 m, L × W × H; water depth 0.61 m) with two replicates per treatment (4 × 2 = 8). Fry were fed a mixture of larval commercial feed and shrimp with a pellet diet containing (46% CP). Initially, the feeding rate of 8% biomass per day was further adjusted according to fish biomass on a weekly basis. Results showed that, the FF significantly affected ( p < 0.05) on growth indictors and survival rate (SR). Specifically fry fed three times a day (T3) had the best FBW, FL, SGR, ADWG and FCR followed by T4 and T2 while fry fed one time a day was the lowest in these parameters. Also, VSI, HSI and CF (k) significantly differed among the treatments. The fish whole body content of protein, moisture and ash did not significantly ( p < 0.05) be affected by feeding frequency, but lipid content differed and both T3, T4 were the highest. It could be concluded that, increasing FF up to three times a day had a positive effect on weight gain, survival rate and feed utilization of Lates calcarifer . The second degree polynomial regression indicates that fed three times a day is optimum for best growth performance and survival for Asian sea bass.

The present study consisted of two trials that conducted to evaluate the feeding frequency and the feeding time on growth performance, feed efficiency and body composition of rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus, the fish fed on one diet (35% crude protein). The first trial was conducted on rabbitfish fry (initial weight 0.18 g ± 0.012) and consisted of different three treatments of feeding frequency, the first treatment the daily meal divided into two times, the second treatment the daily meal divided into three times and the third treatment, the meal was divided into four times. The second trial was conducted on rabbitfish juvenile (initial weight 0.948 g ± 0.124) and consisted of different four treatments of feeding time. fish fed in two times the first treatment fed at 9am and 11am, the second treatment fish fed at 11am and 1pm, the third treatment fish fed 1pm and 4pm and the fourth treatment fish fed at 9am and 4pm. The statistical analysis of results indicated that, feeding frequency feeding time appeared significantly differences between the treatments in growth performance and feed utilization parameters. The total gain in weight and feed conversion ratio were affected by feeding frequency and feeding time. The results affirmed that, the third treatment (four time feeding /day) in the first trial and both the first and second treatments in the second trial were the best of the growth performance and feed utilization parameters.

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Isopodiosis in cultured meagre Argyrosomus regius was investigated at 3 farms in the northern lakes of Egypt throughout 2018, based upon prevalence rate, parasitological examination, and molecular identification by PCR targeting the large ribosomal subunit 16S of the rRNA gene. Further, the susceptibility of A. regius to isopod infection was experimentally evaluated under hyposalination of 25, 15, and 8 ppt for 1 wk. The isolated isopod stages were morphologically identified as Livoneca redmanii Leach, 1818 with prevalence rates of 77.05 and 77.9% in Al-Madiyyah and Sidi Krir, respectively. The highest prevalence and salinity of 78.85% and 30-34 ppt were reported in El Matareya. DNA sequencing and molecular analysis confirmed the identification of L. redmanii. A. regius experimentally infected with L. redmanii under a hyposalination protocol at 15 and 8 ppt showed marked reduction in mortality (20 and 50%, respectively), and infection prevalence (40 and 63.33%, respectively). The serum lysozyme concentration and nitric oxide of treated fish at 15 and 8 ppt were significantly increased compared to those held at 25 and 33 ppt, whereas serum osmolality levels were higher at 25 and 33 ppt. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of L. redmanii in cultured A. regius in Egypt.

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