Three-dimensional (3D) reservoir modelling and basin analysis were performed for the Siwa Basin in the North-Western Desert of Egypt. An integrative study from the available data were done, including geochemical data to construct a 1D basin model, petrophysical data to realize the characteristics of the reservoir, and geological data to understand the subsurface geologic setting, has been undertaken. Basin modelling was done for the Siwa A1-X well to determine the burial and thermal history, sedimentation rate, level of maturity, and finally the event chart for the petroleum system. Siwa Basin comprises one petroleum system. The source rock is represented by the Palaeozoic Dhiffah, Desouky, and Zeitoun formations, with fair to good organic richness, producing oil and gas, which entered the oil window in 143.91, 162.87, and 167.31 Ma, and entered the wet gas in 138.75, 141.82, and 143.63 Ma, with sedimentation rate varying from low to high 543.96, 22.79, and 1,404.46 m/Ma, respectively. The Safa Member (Khatatba Formation) is the main reservoir, with hydrocarbon saturation reaching up to 80%, and with a low subsidence rate of 76.43 m/Ma. The Original Oil In Place for the new prospects is 197.177 Stock Tank Barrel (STB), while for the oil reserve is 50.618 Stock Tank Barrel (STB).
In a complex reservoir with a significant degree of heterogeneity, it is a challenge to characterize the reservoir using different seismic attributes based on available data within certain time constraints. Prestack seismic inversion and amplitude variation with offset are among the techniques that give excellent results, particularly for gas-bearing clastic reservoir delineation because of the remarkable contrast between the latter and the surrounding rocks. Challenges arise when a shortage of seismic or well data presents an obstacle in applying these techniques. A further challenge arises if it is necessary to predict water saturation (Sw) using the seismic data because of the independent nonlinear relationship between Sw and seismic attributes and inversion products. Prediction of Sw is necessary not only for characterizing pay from nonpay reservoirs but also for economic reasons. Therefore, extended elastic impedance has been performed to produce a 3D volume of Sw over the reservoir interval. Then, a 3D sweetness volume and spectral decomposition volumes were used to grasp the geometry of the sand bodies that have been charged with gas in addition to their connectivity. This could help illustrate the different stages in the evolution of the Saffron channel system and the sand bodies distribution, both vertically and spatially, and consequently increase production and decrease development risk.
The Khalda Oil Field is one of the most productive in the Shushan basin; two dry wells were recently drilled in the study area's northern and southwest corners. The primary goal of this study is to assess the potential of the Bahariya reservoir in the Khalda Oil field and to express the geological, petrophysical, and structural features through maps and cross sections. The Upper and Lower Bahariya members were evaluated as hydrocarbon-bearing sandstone reservoirs using a complete set of well logs from eight wells and thirty 2D seismic lines. The NW-SE fault trend is clearly defined by the interpretation of the depth structure contour maps. The quantitative computerprocessed interpretation of petrophysical characteristics such as lithology, net pay, effective porosity (eff), the volume of shale (Vsh), water saturation (Sw), and hydrocarbon saturation (Sh) is obtained. All of these findings are represented in a 3D geological model. 3D static reservoir modelling of the Bahariya reservoirs using seismic and well data can be an important part of an overall strategy for oilfield development and locating a new drilling location. A 3D integrated reservoir model was run on eight wells to simulate the subsurface structural setting, petrophysical modelling, and facies distribution modelling of the Cretaceous Bahariya reservoir, which is the study's main oil-bearing reservoir. In the Late Albian (Lower Bahariya), Early Cenomanian, the various structural depth maps and structural cross-sections extracted from the 3D structural model show 11 dip-faults that are primarily normal faults with dominated NW-SE trends (Upper Bahariya), Facies and petrophysical cross-sections extracted from the 3D model show the lateral extension of these properties and their thickness variation through the reservoir zones. The combination of geological structures, accurate facies, and petrophysical evaluation provides an excellent framework for planning appropriate drilling campaigns for Khalda oil field exploration and development.
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