The present study was conducted at Shakshouk Fish Research Station, Fayoum Governorate, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt to investigate the effect of protein sources (fish meal (FM), meat meal (MM), and FM + MM and plant protein (corn gluten meal CGM)) on growth parameter, feed utilization, carcass chemical composition and economic efficiency. Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) juvenile with an average weight of 3 ±0.13g initial body weight were randomly distributed into eight rectangular fiberglass tanks of 1.5 m 3 water capacity at a rate of 40 juveniles/ tank. The experment was carried out from 21 September 2019 and continued for 80 days. The result showed that, survival rate was within the range 86.25-97.50%, with significant differences were observed. The highest total weight gain, daily gain and SGR values were obtained with the FM diet compared with the other diets (FM+MM, MM and CGM).The best FCR (lowest) was recorded with shrimp fed on FM, with insignificant differences among (FM, MM and FM+MM).The worst FCR was recorded with shrimp fed on CGM. The lowest protein content was recorded with shrimp fed on CGM; also the highest content of EE was with (CGM) diet. The best net returned and economic efficiency was recorded with diets contained fish meal followed by diet contained fish meal + meat meal then meat meal and the least CGM.These results indicated that the best growth rate for shrimp was obtained with feeding FM diet then feeding on FM+MM and MM diets under experimental conditions.

A factorial trial was conducted to detect the effect of different feeding strategies of supplementation of effective microorganisms (EM) liquid on the growth performance, feed utilization, body chemical composition and economic efficiency of monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles. Three experimental treatments were formulated a basal diet without any addition of EM (control; A), a diet supplemented with 2% EM (B), and a diet supplemented with 4% EM (C). All treatments were offered to fish through two different strategies of feeding the meal: 2/3 in the morning and 1/3 in the afternoon or 1/3 in the morning and 2/3 in the afternoon. Each treatment was replicated three times. Juveniles Nile tilapia with an average initial body weight of 3.85 ± 0.22 g (± SE) were randomly stocked at a rate of 90 juveniles per 1.5 m3 tank. Fish growth performance and feed utilization significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased with increasing EM supplementation and were positively affected by different feeding strategies. Moreover, the economic evaluation showed that there were more benefits by when using the 4% EM diet and feeding 2/3 of daily meal in the morning.

A factorial experiment 2 × 2 was conducted to investigate the effect of protein level (30% and 35%) within each level substitution ratio of fish meal (FM) and plant protein (PP) percentage (50% FM: 50% PP, and 33% FM: 67% PP) on the growth performance, feed utilization, survival rate %, carcass chemical composition and economical evaluation of Bayad (Bagrus bajad) fingerlings with average of initial body weight 31.86 ±0.34g. The survival rate was within the range 96.67-100 %. The highest growth parameters and the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) were obtained with the diet contained on (35% CP and 50% FM: 50% PP). The diet contained (30% CP and 33% FM: 67% PP) had the lowest growth and the worst FCR than other treatments. However, differences in growth parameters among diets contained on (30% CP, 50% FM: 50% PP) and (35% CP, 33% FM: 67% PP) were insignificant. Final body weight was progressively decreased with increasing plant protein under both protein levels of diets. The improvement of growth performance and FCR tested in diets containing higher levels of fish meal under both protein levels of diets. The results showed significant difference in obtained of carcass composition however ash had insignificant differences. Regarding to economical evaluation 35% protein level is more economical in Bayad aquaculture. Net returned of Bayad were better for the 35% treatment (50 FM: 50 PP) which was 1.20 but the worst was 30% (33 FM: 67 PP) which was 0.77.It could be concluded that 35 % and 30% crude protein levels (CP) were the best under composition of the diet (50 FM:

No abstract

M edicinal plants and their extracts are important natural sources of nutrients for both human beings and animals, and have long been applied in both conventional and modern nutritional recommendations to treat many disorders and promote good health (Kuralkara and Kuralkarb, 2021). The use of these natural compounds such