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Background and study aim : Cyclin is a regulatory protein in cell cycle encoded by CCND1 gene, it has a role in transition of cell cycle from G1 phase to S phase. A common polymorphism is in the exon of splicing donor region G to A polymorphism (G 870A) of cyclin D1 result in two types of mRNA, cycline D1a and D1b. Both may cause disturbance and uncontrolled growth of the cells which may lead to high susceptibility of certain tumor development. This polymorphism could be detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) assay. Our present study was performed to demonstrate the association between G870A polymorphism in (CND1) gene and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among the Egyptian population. Patients and methods: The present study was consisting of 180 peripheral blood samples from 90 subjects diagnosed with HCV without HCC, 90 subjects diagnosed with HCV and HCC and 90 individual cancer free controls matched on age, gender, smoking and DM status. Results: Our results determined the high frequency of the alleles in the patients (G, 40.6% and A, 30.0%). Our results determined also the frequencies of the case subjects compared to control subjects (59.4% versus 13.3%) and P value <0.001, also analysis of CCND1 870 gene polymorphism revealed that genotype AA and GA were significantly, more frequent in patients with HCC compared with GG genotypes as a reference among the Egyptian population as we found the odds ratios (ORS) for GA, AA and GG respectively were GG 2.27 (1.1-4.2) P= 0.02, AA 6.82 (1.51-7.8) P= 0.004 and GG OR 1.00 with confidence interval CI: 95%. Conclusion: Our study results demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphism of CCND1 G870A among the Egyptian population is associated with increased risk of HCC.

Background and study aim: Diabetes is a self managed disease and the participation of the individual, health care team and his family is very essential in managing the disease and preventing its complications. The aim of study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-management support program on improving Knowledge and practices of patients with diabetes mellitus

Background and study aim: Malnutrition is as an important complication of liver cirrhosis with prognostic implications; a marked knowledge gap exists concerning the information needs of liver cirrhosis patients. The aim of this study is to assess nutritional status and informational needs for patients with liver cirrhosis. Subjects and Methods:A descriptive exploratory design was used in this study. The present study conducted in tropical medicine and gastroenterology units at Zagazig University Hospitals, A purposive sample of 115 patients, The study lasted from the beginning of October 2016 to the end of May 2017 .Three tools were used for collection of data, first tool was a structured interview questionnaire consisted of personal characteristics of patients, second tool was nutritional assessment form, third tool was informational needs questionnaire. Results:The study findings revealed that more two third of studied patients were in the age group of less than 60 years with mean age 53.4±9.3 years, the majority of studied patients were in malnutrition (73.9%).By Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), there are strong correlation between SGA and Child Pugh score, the most important informational needs among the studied patients were medical domains 84.4%. In contrast, psychological domains achieved the least important 27.0%. Conclusion:It can be concluded that patients with liver cirrhosis are suffering from malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies, and also patient with liver cirrhosis had different levels of informational needs. The most prioritized informational needs for patients with liver cirrhosis was Medical domain whereas the least priority was given to the Psychological domain. It also shows that information needs differ based on some socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and physical condition.

Background: HCV is a contagious blood-borne virus that attacks the liver and can be deadly despite often having no visible health warnings. IL-18 is an important proinflammatory cytokine secreted from Kupffer cells. It is involved in the pathogenesis of HCV infection through modulating immune functions by regulating IFN-γ production and promoting the development of Th1 immune responses. Objective: The aim of this study is to measure serum level of Il-18 in chronic hepatitis C patients and compare between Il-18 levels and the degree of liver fibrosis. Subjects & Methods: This is a case control study. It was conducted in Clinical Pathology and Tropical Medicine Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University Hospitals during the period from June 2017 to August 2017. Eighty four subjects were included in this study; they were classified into three groups as follows: Group 1: composed of 28 (17 males,11 females) apparently healthy subjects their ages ranged from 27 to 61 years old. Group 2 :composed of 28 patients (15 males,13 females) with HCV infection diagnosed as HCV RNA positive serum by RT-PCR with normal liver enzymes(ALT,AST), their ages ranged from 25 to 63 years old. Group 3 :composed of 28 patients (16 males,12 females) with HCV infection diagnosed as HCV RNA positive serum by RT-PCR with elevated liver enzymes (ALT,AST) their ages ranged from 29 to 64 years old. Formal consent was obtained from all individual and the study protocol was approved by the Zagazig medical research ethical committee. Seven ml of venous blood was withdrawn by sterile venipuncture and used for routine investigations including, complete liver function tests, HCV antibodies by ELISA and HCV-RNA by RT-PCR and IL-18 serum level by ELISA technique. Results: Group III showed highly statistically significant increased ALT and AST when compared to both group I and group II. There were high statistical significant differences between the three studied groups as regard Albumin level, Prothrombin time, Concentration (%) and INR. There was statistical significant increase in viral load by PCR in Group III compared to Group II. There were high statistical significant differences between Group III compared to both Group I and Group II in IL-18 level. there were statistical significance increase in IL-18 level with increase degree of liver fibrosis in both Group II & Group III. There was positive significant correlation between IL-18 level and AST in Group III. There was positive high significant correlation between IL-18 level and viral load in Group III. Conclusion: Serum IL-18 is significantly increase in chronic HCV patients and is correlated with liver fibrosis staging determined by fibroscan. So, IL-18 can be used as a non-invasive pro inflammatory marker for detection of the chronicity and severity of liver fibrosis in CHC.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular joint disorders among postgraduate students at Egyptian universities. Materials and methods: 840 postgraduate students from different Egyptian universities were recruited and answered Fonseca's questionnaire. Out of the 840 respondents, 593 were included and evaluated using Fonseca's anamnestic index to classify them according to the severity of the disorder. Results: The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders among the included population was 73.4%. The most common degree of severity reported was the mild category being 57% followed by moderate (31.7%) then severe (11.3%). Temporomandibular disorders were prevalent among females with a frequency of 73.3% while 26.7% for males. There was significant association between the temporomandibular disorders and sex (P<.001). Conclusion: There's high prevalence of temporomandibular disorders among Egyptian postgraduate students. There's an association between sex and prevalence of temporomandibular disorders, with females being more susceptible to the development of temporomandibular disorders.

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