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The use of physical restraints is a common practice in various clinical settings, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to improve nurses' knowledge and practice regarding physical restraining, with the ultimate goal of reducing the number of consequent complications among ICU patients. A quasi-experimental design with pre-post assessment was used on 38 nurses working in the ICUs and Critical Care Medicine at the Zagazig University Hospitals and 100 patients under their care. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess nurses' knowledge, an observation checklist for their practice, and a physical assessment sheet for patients. The researcher developed a training intervention based on analysis of assessment data and using pertinent literature to teach nurses guidelines for dealing with restrained patients. This was delivered to nurses in 7 sessions. Evaluation was done immediately (post-test), and two months after implementation (follow-up), along with evaluation of the patients. The results showed marked deficiencies in nurses' knowledge and practices before the program, with significant improvements at the post and follow-up evaluations. Additionally, statistically significant improvements were revealed in patients' signs and physical findings, with much less complications. Therefore, a relatively short-term in-service training in guidelines can significantly improve nurses' knowledge and practice concerning physical restraining of ICU patients, with subsequent reductions in the frequency of related complications among these patients. Therefore, these guidelines should be adopted and its booklet should be available in each department using restraint in the hospital.

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Abstract:Although evidence shows that women who correctly practice BSE monthly are more likely to detect a lump in the early stage, with early diagnosis and treatment yielding better survival, few women regularly perform BSE and many do not even know how to perform it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a health education intervention on "breast self-examination" regarding for knowledge, attitude, and practice among female students. Quasi-experimental study was carried out on 180 female student's sitting in the Faculty of Physical Education at Zagazig University and its affiliated hostel. The data collection tools included a self-administered questionnaire and an observation checklist to assess student's performance of BSE before and after the intervention. The results showed that these students have deficient knowledge and low perceptions regarding breast cancer and BSE; although the majority had positive attitudes, their practice of BSE is very deficient. The educational intervention was effective in improving students' knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and practice. The intervention was a significant independent positive predictor of student's knowledge and practice scores, while the attitude score is modulated through the knowledge score. In conclusion, the university students at the Faculty of physical Education have deficient knowledge, low perceptions and inadequate practice regarding breast cancer and BSE. The educational intervention is effective in improving their knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and practice. It is recommended that health education programs for university students, and the curriculum of the faculties of education should include some health-related issues. It is proposed to replicate this study using a randomized clinical trial design in order to confirm the findings and to provide a higher level of evidence.

Demonstratormedical surgical nursing department-,Faculty of nursing-Zagazig university, (2) prof. of medical surgical nursing-Faculty of nursing-Zagazig university ,(3) lecturer of medical surgical nursing -Faculty of nursing -Zagazig university

Background: Diabetes is a common costly condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The process of teaching individuals to manage their diabetes had been considered an important part of the clinical management. The goals of self-management education are to optimize metabolic control, prevent acute and chronic complications, and optimize quality of life; Aim: To evaluate the impact of a health education intervention guidelines for T2DM on Patients' knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-management practices. Methods: Design: quasi-experimental uncontrolled design on 50 patients evaluated at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up. Setting: The study was carried out in the outpatient clinics of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Zagazig University Hospital. Tools: three tools were used, 1st tool was an interview questionnaire to assess socio-demographic data and patients' knowledge, self-efficacy scale and patients' self-reported self-management behaviors concerning self-care practices. Results: There were statistically significant improvements in patients' knowledge (p < .001), self-efficacy (p < .001), and selfmanagement (p < .001), which continued through follow-up. Multivariate analysis showed that the knowledge and self-efficacy scores positively predicted the scores of self-management. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of health educational intervention guidelines in improving T2DM patients' self-management behaviors and self-care practices through provision of sound information and fostering their self-efficacy. The slight decline at the follow-up phase indicates the need for periodic booster doses of the intervention. Therefore, the study recommends generalization of such educational guidelines in all health care settings providing services to T2DM patients. Such guidelines should particularly address the patients with low educational attainments, long history of T2DM, and those residing in rural areas. More research is needed to investigate the long-term effect of such educational interventions.

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Postoperative breathing exercises are widely important for patient to prevent postoperative respiratory complications. Breathing exercises had a highly positive effect on improving quality of recovery among post-operative patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of breathing exercises on quality of recovery among post-operative patients. Setting at Zagazig University Hospitals. Material and Method: a quasi-experimental (pre and posttest design). A purposive sample of total 258 study participants, 129 in experimental and 129 in control group based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection questionnaire were prepared with extensive review of previous literatures. Data collection through three tools includes, interviewing questionnaire sheet, postoperative quality scale and visual analogue scale of patient postoperative quality assessment scale. Breathing exercise (BE) was taught and practiced by the patients in experimental group and in control group routine postoperative care was followed. Result: postoperative quality rate was significantly different in experimental group were higher than in control group. Conclusion: post-operative breathing exercises improve postoperative quality.