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A catalyst-free and environmentally friendly process was employed for the production of biodiesel from sea mango seed oil. This oil is non-edible and contains several fatty acids such as palmitic acid (C16), trans-9-elaidic acid (C18:1t), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolelaidic acid (C18:2n6t). The in situ extraction and transesterification of the oil were carried at the subcritical methanol-water condition. The effect of reaction temperature and time on the yield of biodiesel was studied. The maximum yield of biodiesel was 98.58% and achieved at 200 °C, 40 bar and reaction time of 6 h. The ratio among sea mango seed, methanol, and water was 2:10:1.

Mineralisation of methyl parathion by the advanced Fenton process.

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Purpose A new electrochemical analysis based on ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) was developed for penicillin V (Peni-V) using polyaniline as a conducting polymer. Design/methodology/approach The preparation of modified electrode involves the incorporation of β-CD with membrane of polyaniline. Polyaniline, incorporating β-CD, was prepared by electrochemical polymerization method in a medium of hypochloride. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance have been used to characterize this sensor. The detection and the kinetic study of modified platinum electrode are evaluated. Findings Results clearly indicate that β-CDs interfere with the polymerization mechanism with an inhibition factor. The inclusion phenomenon of β-CDs has been studied and applied to detect Peni-V. The principle of this electrochemical sensor is based on the chemical properties of β-CD, which were studied using the cyclic voltammetric method and impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of Peni-V at concentrations between 10–8 and 10–2 M was measured versus Ag/AgCl at pH 7.4 and 30°C in a phosphate alkaline buffer. Relationship of Peni-V concentration in logarithmic mathematical form with current in potentiometric method and with resistance in impedimetric method were obtained. Originality/value The present study showed that the Pt electrode modified with Polyaniline–β-CD was an excellent candidate for sensitive penicillin analysis. The proposed electroanalytical technique is rapid, simple and inexpensive.

A B S T R A C TAn emulsified liquid membrane has been developed for the extraction of the 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from an aqueous effluent. The membrane used was an emulsion of water in oil (W/O), the internal phase was an alkaline solution (NaOH), and the organic phase was a mixture of a surfactant (SPAN 80) and an extractant (TBP) dissolved in an organic solvent (heptane). The only limitation of this technique was the stability of the membrane (swelling, cohesion, and rupture). To optimize the different parameters that have a direct influence on the stability of the membrane, experiments were conducted using a fractional factorial design of Plackett-Burman. The obtained results showed the behavior of the emulsified membrane under different operating conditions. Among the different factors studied, the concentrations of SPAN 80 of TBP and the stirring velocity appeared to be the most important parameters. Indeed, a high yield above 99% almost a total elimination of 4-CP was achieved under optimized operating conditions determined by response surface methodology using a full factorial design.