An extensive play review was carried out of the Mishrif Formation in Abu Dhabi. The database existed of almost 3000 2D seismic lines and 28 3D seismic surveys, complemented by 450 wells, out of which 260 had reliable time-depth data. The study resulted in Abu Dhabi-wide depth and thickness maps and a good overview of the Shilaif basin development and Mishrif reservoir distribution. The Mishrif Formation in Abu Dhabi comprises the progradational shelf margin facies which is a time equivalent of the corresponding Shilaif basinal facies. The Mishrif development in the UAE is strongly asymmetric. The western Mishrif platform sediments are characterized by stacked clinoforms comprising clean, high-energy carbonates. Rudist reefs and grainstone shoals along the successive shelf edges, which form those clinoforms, generally have good reservoir properties. Similar favorable reservoir characteristics can also be found in isolated platforms and grainstone beds which are locally well developed in lagoonal settings found behind the shelf edges. In the east, the Mishrif is generally much thinner and is characterized by more differentiated, coarsening and shoaling-upwards sequences, each grading from fine basinal wackestone to medium/coarse-grained shallow marine packstone. This indicates sedimentation on a shallowing depositional slope. This slope lithofacies is made up of dark-colored, very fine- to fine-grained, well sorted, bioclastic packstones, grading into lighter colored, medium-grained, unsorted, bioclastic packstones to grainstones. High-quality reservoir facies occur only near the prograding shelf edges and over salt domes from which build-ups may have nucleated. Kerogen carbon isotope values and GC-MS fingerprints confirm that the Shilaif Formation is the source of the Mishrif oils. The Shilaif Formation is immature over large parts of Abu Dhabi, notably the western offshore part of the Emirate. In the deeper salt-withdrawal basins such as the West Bu Hasa and Falaha synclines the source rock is oil-mature and also in the Oman Mountain foreland basin, grading to gas mature further towards the east. In most of the mature Shilaif kitchens, oil generation commenced during Miocene times, in the southern offshore part of Dubai it may have started as early as the Early Oligocene. The Mishrif Play prospectivity evaluation will guide future appraisal drilling and will serve as a basis for further exploration activities related to conventional and unconventional trapping styles in the Formation.

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Reservoir quality in the Unayzah is largely controlled by depositional environment early clay diagenesis, burial- compaction and quartz cementation. Present day reservoir quality can be predicted by modeling the porosity evolution of simplified model rocks with representative depositional and early diagenetic attributes through their burial history. In Abu Dhabi Unayzah fluvial sands are predicted to have consistently low reservoir quality due to poorly-developed, early grain coats that have allowed abundant quartz cement to form. In the Unayzah C, open fractures observed in fluvial samples may provide useful high permeability streaks within these intervals. Fluvial sands are predicted to have higher porosities in areas with low thermal maturity, where quartz cementation would be less advanced. Unayzah sandy sabkha reservoir quality is predicted to be uniformly poor as a result of fine grain size, poor sorting, and early diagenetic clays that filled pores. Unayzah Aeolian sand quality is variable, depending on the type of clays in pores. A zone of infiltrated clay coats is observed in well H-1. this zone is characterized by clean, effective macroporosity, resulting in good permeabilities and low connate water saturations. Below this zone, all Unayzah aeolian sands contain diagenetic clays. Where finer grain size or poorer sorting results in small pores, the diagenetic clays bridge much of the porosity and significantly reduce effective macroporosity. However, in well-sorted, coarser-grained dune sands, pores are large enough to be lined but not filled with diagenetic clays. Reservoir quality prediction approach is based on conceptual model of sandstone porosity evolution, with burial derived from observation in multiple reservoirs. In this model, the main controls on the pore system evolution are mechanical compaction and cementation.

The pre-Khuff principal hydrocarbon reservoir, Unayzah Formation, consists mainly of distal braid plain sandstones characterized by aeolian and sabkha facies with minor fluvial units. It extends between the pre-Khuff and the Hercynian unconformities. In Abu Dhabi, the Unayzah-A is further subdivided into three members, Members 1 and 2 are comprised of sandstone reservoirs and Member 3 consists of siltstone and shale sediments. Facies controls on reservoir quality are weak. The main controls on porosity reduction of the reservoir are mechanical compaction and silica cementation. Quartz cementation tends to be the most severe in the cleanest, coarsest sandstones and near certain fractures. The presence of clay mineral grain coatings, although reducing the permeability, but locally protects the rock from secondary quartz overgrowth and preserve the porosity to great depths of burial. Without the grain coating, porosity will decrease with depth until the reservoir rock is completely tight. Unayzah reservoir seals are provided by the Basal Khuff Clastics, tight Basal Khuff Carbonate and Middle Khuff Anhydrite. The Basal Khuff Carbonate seal does not appear to be regionally extensive but localized and potentially prospect specific. However, there are insufficient data to accurately define the seal for the Unayzah hydrocarbon accumulations. Due to lack of deep penetrations in Abu Dhabi, basin modeling for Silurian hot shale source rock is challenging. Therefore, much of the unknown source and tectonic information were derived from the surrounding countries. This comes from understanding the regional tectonics and depositional trends of the southeastern Arabian plate, which helped to extrapolate the source trends into the Abu Dhabi area. The basin model shows that oil from Silurian source rock was generated early in the basin history and was widespread by the Late Triassic (220 Ma). Significant gas generation occurred during Lower Cretaceous (140 Ma) and dominated the hydrocarbon system by Middle Cretaceous (110 Ma). During the Early Tertiary (50 Ma), the source rock was highly mature for gas generation and at present-day, the charge is still active in the north offshore of Abu Dhabi. The pre-Khuff charge history showed that the southern offshore and onshore structures are underfilled. The filling of these structures ranges between 50% and 80%, but in some onshore structures the filling is less than 50%. The middle and northern offshore structures are expected to be filled to spill point.