Background: Aphthous stomatitis also known as recurrent aphthous ulcers, is a common and non-contagious infection of the mouth in otherwise healthy individuals Objective: To study the relationship between aphthous ulcer and vitamin D and iron level in adults. Materials and methods: Forty patients with aphthous ulcer and 20 controls were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations mainly to correlate the level of vitamin D and iron in patients with the aphthous ulcer. Results: This study showed that vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is insignificant in cases suffering from aphthous ulcer than normal controls. Also, the results of the study of iron level showed no statistically significant difference between both groups. Conclusions : No relation between aphthous ulcer and vitamin D or iron level.
Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm in women, accounting for 26 % of all cancers diagnosed annually, it is overall the second leading cause of cancer death (following lung cancer). In Egypt breast cancer constitutes 33 % of all female cancer and the median age is 46 years old, one decade younger than corresponding western countries. The incidence of breast cancer is highest among women of higher socioeconomic background. Also the incidence is higher among whites less common in black women. Most cancer patients are diagnosed sporadic and not associated with any clear familial predisposition 1. Breast cancer is not a single entity but instead comprises several biologically distinct subtypes. Based on molecular profiles, breast cancers have been classified into four main subtypes: luminal subtype A, luminal subtype B, ERbB2 positive receptors (HER2 positive/ER negative) and TNBC 2,3,4. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined as a clinical entity referring to tumors that do not express estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) accounting for approximately 15%-20% 5,6 of breast cancers. TNBC has important clinical implications, because it is typically high grade, and exhibits a high rate of proliferation 7,8. In general, compared with other subtypes of breast cancer, TNBC has a less favorable clinical outcome in terms of the nature and likelihood of
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an emerging global epidemic disease. Egypt reported the highest incidence in the world. Aim of the study: To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of barbers and their customers regarding HCV and HBV. Setting: The study carried out in Assiut District and City. Design: Descriptive research design. Sample: Included 350 participants (175 barbers and 175 customers). Tools of the study: Data collected by three tools; Tool (1): interview form included three parts; first part included demographic data; second part included assessment of medical and surgical history of barbers and customers and third part included assessment of knowledge regarding the HCV&HBV. Tool (2): Included Likert attitude scale. Tool (3): Observational checklist to assess practices of barbers and customers. Results: Majority of barbers and their customers (88.6% and 80.6% respectively) had poor knowledge regarding HCV and HBV. Conclusion: There was a statistical significant difference among customers' knowledge, their level of education and their residence. Moreover there was a significant difference between customers' attitude and their residence. Recommendations: Need for ongoing training and retraining programs for barbers regarding methods of prevention of parentally transmitted hepatitis. Increase public awareness about risk factors and prevention methods of HCV and HBV infection.
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