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Introduction: Many published studies have estimated the association of rs2435357 and rs1800858 polymorphisms in the proto-oncogene rearranged during transfection (RET) gene with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) risk. However, the results remain inconsistent and controversial. Aim: To perform a meta-analysis get a more accurate estimation of the association of rs2435357 and rs1800858 polymorphisms in the RET proto-oncogene with HSCR risk. Methods: The eligible literatures were searched by PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to June 30, 2018. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the susceptibility to HSCR. Results: A total of 20 studies, including ten (1,136 cases 2,420 controls) for rs2435357 and ten (917 cases 1,159 controls) for rs1800858 were included. The overall results indicated that the rs2435357 (allele model: OR=0.230, 95% CI 0.178-0.298, p=0.001; homozygote model: OR=0.079, 95% CI 0.048-0.130, p=0.001; heterozygote model: OR=0.149, 95% CI 0.048-0.130, p=0.001; dominant model: OR=0.132, 95% CI 0.098-0.179, p=0.001; and recessive model: OR=0.239, 95% CI 0.161-0.353, p=0.001) and rs1800858 (allele model: OR=5.594, 95% CI 3.653-8.877, p=0.001; homozygote model: OR=8.453, 95% CI 3.783-18.890, p=0.001; dominant model: OR=3.469, 95% CI 1.881-6.396, p=0.001; and recessive model: OR=6.120, 95% CI 3.608-10.381, p=0.001) polymorphisms were associated with the increased risk of HSCR in overall. Conclusions: The results suggest that the rs2435357 and rs1800858 polymorphisms in the RET proto-oncogene might be associated with HSCR risk.

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Background: Red blood cells transfusion is a useful practice for preterm infants. Large amount of blood is usually wasted in the infants. Considering that few studies have been carried out on infants, the aim of current study was to investigate the frequency of packed red blood cells transfusion in preterm infants admitted to NICU of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd during 2016 Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive-analytical study was conducted on infants admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran during 2016. Variables including fetal age, sex, birth weight, delivery method, Apgar score, infant status, premature birth complications and transfusion information were extracted from medical records of patients. Results: Current study was conducted on 335 premature infants. Among them, 85 cases were received packed red blood cells transfusion (25.4%). Of the infants receiving packed red blood cells, 59 cases (69.4%) were alive and 26 (30.6%) dead. Distribution of preterm complications in infants including respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, respiratory failure and Pneumothorax was observed in 66 (77.6%), 19(22.4%), 52(61.2%) and 14 patients (16.5%), respectively. There was significant difference between mean age and mean Apgar score in terms of transfusion (p<0.01). The mean volume of consumed blood was 34.20 ± 27.44 ml. The mean volume of wasted blood was 488.39±355.88 ml. Minimum and Maximum volume of wasted blood was 220 and 1873 ml. Conclusion: According to results of current study, the mean age and mean Apgar score in patients undergoing transfusion was lower than those did not have transfusion. Moreover, total volume of wasted blood was 14.2 times more than consumed blood. Therefore, optimal usage of blood products and the use of smaller blood bags are proposed in order to improve the health of infants in intensive care units and lessen complications of blood transfusion in newborns.

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