Plasma levels of HDACs and copper may be used as peripheral biomarkers in diagnosis of AD, while IL-8 level could be a useful biomarker in following AD progression.

PAD significantly affects quality of life and functional status in elderly diabetic patients.

Objectives: Sarcopenia is prevalent among geriatric patients and it has a high rate of negative health related outcomes. Diagnostic and assessment approaches are not always feasible. The aim of the study was to detect a valid screening tool for sarcopenia that could be used easily in acute care setting. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Geriatrics department, Ain Shams University Hospital. 127 inpatient elderly participants were recruited. Sarcopenia was defined according to the European Working Groups on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria as low skeletal muscle mass with either low handgrip strength or slow gait speed. Muscle mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Two screening methods for sarcopenia were investigated, namely SARC-F questionnaire and Ishii equation including age, handgrip, and calf circumference (CC). Results: Both SARC-F questionnaire and Ishii equation can detect sarcopenia in both genders and both showed good agreement with the standard diagnostic method. Combining SARC-F to Ishii equation improved the diagnostic accuracy, with a higher sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: SARC-F and Ishii equation could be used as a valid simple screening tool in acute hospital setting. Combing these two screening tools resulted in better diagnostic accuracy with higher sensitivity and specificity.

BackgroundFrailty is one of the most serious global public health challenges. With population aging, a concomitant rise in the number of older adults with frailty is expected [1], which in turn places an increased pressure on health-care systems worldwide [2].Frailty is a clinically recognizable state of older adults with increased vulnerability, resulting from ageassociated declines in physiologic reserve and function across multiple organ systems, such that the ability to cope with every day or acute stressors is compromisedThe frailty syndrome is mostly associated with advanced age. However, frailty syndrome is not a variant of normal aging, and it is considered a separate category. Parallel to functional, psychological, and musculoskeletal changes, there are also change in the organ systems and homeostatic responses in frailty [4]. Late-life depression is an important public health problem due to its devastating consequences [5]. It is associated with an increased risk of morbidity; decreased physical, cognitive, and social functioning [6]. Despite its high prevalence, healthcare systems in low-and middle-income countries are not resilient enough to deal with mental health problems including depressive disorders [7]. An overlap between frailty and depression was demonstrated, and a positive association between the two syndromes has been indicated, they are distinct constructs that share moderate overlap [8] [9]. Similar biological mechanisms have been hypothesized to account for both syndromes (frailty and depression) as cardiovascular risk factors [10] [11], and inflammation [12] [13].

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Background Sarcopenia is a common clinical condition among elderly population. It is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and muscle function (Rosenberg, 1997). Sarcopenia had several definitions (Rosenberg, 1997) with no clear consensus on this issue. As a result, in 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) developed consensus diagnostic criteria of age-related sarcopenia where sarcopenia was defined as a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with an appreciated risk of adverse outcomes including physical disability, poor quality of life and death (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2010). Sarcopenia has multiple causes including diseases, decreased caloric intake, poor muscular blood flow, mitochondrial dysfunction, anabolic hormones deficiencies, and increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (Morley et al., 2014). Sarcopenia is a typical example of geriatric syndromes as it represents an impaired state of health with a high mobility disorders, impaired ability to perform

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide. In Egypt, it affects a large sector of the population with a great financial and health burden. It was estimated that the number of diabetic patients in Egypt was 8.9 million people in 2020. DM affects nearly all body systems. Bone health is markedly affected by diabetes, and diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased fracture risk compared to non-diabetics individuals. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are one of the most common osteoporotic fractures that are asymptomatic and may associate with diabetes. Aim of the work: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures among older adults type 2 diabetic females.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 older adults type 2 diabetic females aged ≥ 60 years, who were recruited from the inpatient wards and outpatient geriatric clinics of Mansoura University Hospitals. All participants were subjected to comprehensive geriatric assessments, BMI calculation (kg/m2), and assessment of 10 years probability of fractures risk using the WHO fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX). The Palestinian version of FRAX was used as the Egyptian version is not available yet. Plain x-ray on the dorsal and lumbar spines, both lateral and antero-posterior view, were done for assessment of vertebral fractures. Approval by the ethical committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, has been taken.Results: The prevalence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures among older adults type 2 diabetic females was found to be 28%, Most of the fracture cases were asymptomatic. There was a significant association between vertebral osteoporotic fractures and history of cerebrovascular stroke, slower timed up and go test (TUG) times, a decline in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and increased fracture risk for major osteoporotic fractures in 10 years according to FRAX-Palestine. Conclusion: Prevalence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures among older adults type 2 diabetic females was found as high as 28%.There was a significant association between vertebral fractures and history of cerebrovascular stroke, slower TUG times, and functional decline in IADL, and increased fracture risk for major osteoporotic fractures in 10 years according to FRAX-Palestine.