Lahan gambut di lokasi penelitian yang digunakan untuk perkebunan sawit berdampingan dengan tanah mineral berbahan induk ultrabasa berkadar Mg tinggi. Tanah berkadar Mg tinggi dapat mengakibatkan terhambatnya pertumbuhan tanaman dan gangguan serapan hara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari distribusi beberapa sifat kimia tanah seperti pH; kandungan unsur kalium (K), kalsium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), natrium (Na) dapat ditukar; besi (Fe), mangan (Mn), tembaga (Cu), seng (Zn) total dan terekstrak DTPA dalam gambut dan hubungannya dengan kedalaman lapisan gambut dan jarak terhadap tanah mineral berbahan induk batuan ultrabasa. Contoh gambut sekitar 1,0 kg diambil secara komposit dari setiap kedalaman gambut 0 – 30, 30 – 60 dan 60 – 90 cm pada transek toposekuen dari setiap jarak 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 dan 600 m dari perbatasan tanah mineral ultrabasa. Analisis contoh gambut dilakukan untuk menetapkan (i) kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) dan pH H2O 1:5; (ii) kandungan hara makro K, Ca, Mg dan benefisial Na menggunakan amonium asetat 1 N pH 7; dan (iii) kandungan total unsur mikro Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn serta kandungan unsur-unsur tersebut dengan pengekstrak DTPA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai pH gambut menurun sangat nyata berdasarkan kedalaman lapisan gambut dan cenderung menurun dengan semakin jauh dari tanah mineral. Nilai KTK berfluktuasi dan cenderung meningkat sesuai peningkatan kedalaman lapisan gambut dan jarak dari tanah mineral. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran Mg dan Fe, hara yang berasal dari tanah mineral mempengaruhi gambut hingga jarak 600 m dari batas gambut. Tanah gambut mengandung Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, dan Zn tersedia dalam kadar tinggi dan K and Ca tersedia dalam kadar rendah. Hara Cu tersedia tergolong cukup pada semua kedalaman dan jarak kecuali kedalaman 60 – 90 cm dan jarak 600 meter. Kandungan hara benefisial Na menunjukkan korelasi positif dengan kedalaman lapisan gambut yang mengindikasikan pengaruh marin pada tanah mineral bawah gambut. Disparitas yang besar antara Mg dengan kation lain dapat mengganggu penyerapan hara oleh akar tanaman dan memungkinkan pencucian K dan Ca keluar dari solum.
Amending Ultisols using organic matter encourages a paramount improvement in its chemistry and fertility characteristics. This study was aimed to evaluate the changes in soil chemical properties due to the animal manure amelioration in Ultisol in the Jasinga, Bogor, West Java, using classical and advanced statistical methods. Composite soil samples were collected then incubated with three types of animal manure (cow, chicken, and goat) and four rate levels (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5% of dry weight). The dynamics of eleven soil variables (pH, organic C, total N, cation exchange complex/CEC, base saturation/BS, and exchangeable Al, H, Ca, Mg, K, and Na) were observed four times (0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks). Basic cation saturation ratio/BCSR and sufficiency level of available nutrients/SLAN soil fertility approaches were applied. Modeling comparison was done among multiple linear regression/MLR, machine learning/ML (tree regression/TR, random forest/RF, gradient boosting machine/GBM), and deep learning/DL (multilayer perceptron/MLP). Most of the soil chemical and fertility parameters exhibited strong relation among three applied factors. Generally, their values failed to reach the BCSR’s ideal soil and national SLAN’s sufficiency criteria; oppositely, they were categorized as sufficient based on the global SLAN approach. Multivariate analysis revealed the similarity among manure type and rate, whereas incubation time showed the opposite trend. MLR usage was convenient in modeling BS, pH H2O, and Al saturation. Meanwhile, CEC modeling requires more sophisticated methods. This study highlighted the possible improvement of Ultisol chemical properties and fertility characteristics by amending it with a higher rate and low C/N ratio of animal manure, and using ML to capture non-linear relationships in soil.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui status kesuburan tanah pada lahan padi sawah (Oryza sativa L.) di Desa Mekarjaya Kecamatan Toili Barat. Penelitian ini berlansung dari bulan Juli sampai September 2020. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Survei Eksploratif-Deskriptif, dimana pemilihan areal pewakil sampel tanah diambil 4 fase berdasarkan lamanya tahun pengolahan sawah yaitu 1, 10, 20, dan 30 tahun. Interpretasi data hasil uji tanah ditabulasikan menurut waktu pengolahan sawah dalam bentuk tabel sesuai kriteria penilaian hasil analisis tanah. Selanjutnya evaluasi status kesuburan tanah dilakukan menggunakan kriteria dari Pusat Penelitian Tanah. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan tingkat status kesuburan tanah lahan sawah 1 tahun, 10 tahun, 20 tahun dan 30 tahun di Desa Mekarjaya Kecamatan Toili Barat berstatus rendah yang dipengaruhi kandungan P2O5 tersedia tanah dan C-organik tanah yang rendah. Selanjutnya pengolahan lahan padi sawah (Oryza sativa L.) Desa Mekarjaya, perlu adanya penambahan bahan organik serta pupuk posfor untuk meningkatkan status kesuburan tanahnya.
<p>Detailed studies of Ni distribution in peat that is influenced by Ni-rich soil derived from ultrabasic rocks are still limited. The objective of this study was to reveal the characteristics of Ni in peat from Morowali (Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia) at several depths and distances from the boundary of the ultrabasic mineral soil. Peat was sampled from depths of 0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm at distances of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 m from the border of the ultrabasic mineral soil in March 2018. Ni characteristics were examined through their total, exchangeable, water-soluble, and adsorbed distributions. The relationships between Ni and some peat chemical properties such as pH; cation exchange capacity; macronutrient contents of K, Ca, and Mg; and micronutrient contents of Fe, Cu and Zn were also observed. The high Ni content in peat at the study transect is caused by an accumulation of Ni transported from elevated areas of mineral soil. Most Ni in peat is bonded to the soil organic exchange complexes. Accumulation of the mineral soil fraction in the peat surface is indicated at distances of 100–400 meters from the ultrabasic mineral soil. Ni distribution in peat at the study transect is mainly governed by a combination of Fe, pH, organic material, water content, peat depth, and distance from ultrabasic mineral soil.</p>
Extensive utilization of fragile tropical peatlands ecosystem encourages a better understanding of spatiotemporal micronutrients distribution. The distribution of total Fe, Cu, and Zn in peat and their relationship with environmental factors were studied under oil palm plantation, Pangkalan Pisang, Koto Gasib, Riau, Indonesia. Peat samples were taken compositely inside the block using a combination of six factors, including a) the oil palm age (<6, 6-15, >15 years old), b) the peat thickness (< 3 and >3 m), c) season (rainy and dry), d) the distances from the secondary canal (10, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 150 m), e) the distances from an oil palm tree (1, 2, 3, and 4 m), and f) the depth of sample collection (0-20, 20-40, and 40-70 cm from the peat surface). Total Fe, Cu, and Zn were determined by the wet digestion method. These micronutrients observed in this study possessed high variability; however, they were within the expected range in tropical peatland. The entire micronutrients were statistically different by oil palm age, peat thickness, and distance from canal. Meanwhile, total Cu and Zn were also significantly different at each season. The oil palm age, peat thickness, and distance from the canal were the common factors controlling total Fe, Cu, and Zn in peat significantly. Moreover, total Cu and Zn were also dictated by season, distance from the oil palm tree, and depth of sample collection. Based on visual interpretation in PCA (principal component analysis), all micronutrients were categorized into two groups, separated by 2 m distance from the oil palm tree and 20 cm depth from the soil surface. Our study also highlights the dominance of the dilution over the enrichment process in peat, which requires further research to formulate micronutrients fertilization, especially for an extended cultivation time.
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