Liberalisasi perdagangan adalah penghapusan atau pengurangan batasan maupun hambatan pada pertukaran barang secara bebas antar negara. Disisi lain, kebijakan proteksionisme Amerika Serikat (AS) kepada produk Tiongkok menyebabkan perang dagang antara kedua negara tersebut. Dampak perang dagang AS-Tiongkok berdampak terhadap fluktuasi nilai IHSG di Indonesia, maka dibutuhkan kebijakan proteksionisme yang sesuai dengan instrumen hukum nasional dan internasional guna menstabilkan iklim investasi nasional serta mengkapitalisasi kondisi perang dagang AS-Tiongkok. Dalam esai ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan historis, sehingga penelitian ini diklasifikasikan sebagai penelitian yuridis normatif atau disebut juga penelitian hukum doktrinal.
Pemilihan Umum yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai Pemilu merupakan salah satu bagian dari proses sekaligus hasil dari sebuah sistem demokrasi yang didasarkan pada doktrin “power of the people”, yakni kekuasaan dari rakyat, oleh rakyat, dan untuk rakyat. Pada tahun 2019, Pemilu tersebut akan dilaksanakan secara serentak. Adanya Pemilu serentak ini lahir setelah diterbitkannya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Nomor 14/PUU-XI/2013 tentang Pengujian Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilihan Umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden. Namun, muncul beberapa persoalan dalam penyelenggaraan Pemilu 2019 tersebut yaitu adanya penerapan konsep Presidential Threshold atau ambang batas untuk pengajuan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden. Penerapan kebijakan Presidential Threshold ini memberikan dampak positif, salah satunya yakni penguatan sistem presidensial melalui penyederhanaan partai politik. Akan tetapi dengan adanya penerapan Presidential Threshold ini juga dapat menimbulkan adanya politik transaksional antar partai politik. Selain itu, Presidential Threshold juga dianggap menghilangkan hak warga negara untuk memilih (right to vote). Seiring dengan beberapa kelemahan penerapan Presidential Threshold tersebut maka diperlukan adanya sebuah gagasan untuk mengatur kebijakan Presidential Threshold agar dalam penerapannya nanti pada Pemilu 2019 tidak ada lagi kontradiksi yang terjadi di masyarakat terkait adanya kebijakan Presidential Threshold. Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan cara menerapkan adanya konsep Pemilihan Umum menggunakan sistem Presidential Threshold secara Serentak, namun dalam pelaksanaanya nanti menggunakan sistem Pemilu Tertutup. Adapun alternatif yang kedua guna mengoptimalakan Pemilu serentak 2019, yakni menggunakan sistem Presidential Threshold dan sistem Pemilu Terbuka, namun dilaksanakan secara Bertahap. Yang ketiga menggunakan sistem Presidential Threshold 0%.
The Notary’s right of refusal through the approval of the Notary Honorary Council (NHC) hinders the practice of criminal law enforcement because it is absolute and there is no further (final) legal remedy, even though a similar policy (beleid) has been revoked by the Constitutional Court. In practice, the notary cannot be examined by investigators, public prosecutors, or judges, unless they have previously obtained NHC approval, as regulated in Article 66 paragraph (1) of Law Number 30 of 2004 as amended by Law Number 2 of 2014 (Notary Position Law). Even if Notary Honorary Council refuses, then there will only be further legal remedies through a lawsuit by the State Administrative Court. In fact, the provisions regarding the Notary’s right of refusal should be ‘determination’ by court decisions (vonnis) as regulated in Article 170 of the Criminal Code, and not ‘administrative determination’ (beschikking) through NHC approval based on the delegation of supervisory authority from state institutions. This paper concludes that every law enforcer in criminal cases (police, prosecutors, and judges) can examine a Notary with the condition of special permission from the Head of the local District Court, approval of direct interested parties, or NHC approval as stipulated in Article 43 of the Criminal Code in conjunction with Article 66 paragraph (1) of the Notary Position Law. This paper is normative research with a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and case approach.
Elections are an absolute requirement for every democratic country. Democracy is defined as a political ideology and system based on the doctrine of "power of the people" as stated in Article 1 paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Q.S. Ali Imran: 159 also explains the political principles related to democracy, namely the involvement of the community in the policies of the authorities. One of the characteristics of democracy is the guarantee of the rights of citizens, where the state is obliged to respect, protect, and fulfill without discrimination. However, nowadays, one of the human rights related to political education to the public has received little attention from state administrators. Bawaslu data shows that 3.09 million ballots were invalid in the governor and deputy governor elections in 17 provinces. This is because the public does not understand how to use their voting rights properly, and proves that the government has been negligent in fulfilling its obligations to provide political education to the public in running a democratic electoral system. Based on the problems above, the authors form a grand design of political education through IPEQ (Institutions for Political Education Based on Al-Quran Value) which is a political education program through four main institutions, namely Regional Government, KPU, Political Parties, and Schools as regulated in positive law. Indonesia by applying political values according to Islamic law, especially the Qur'an. It aims to increase public participation in elections as well as concrete evidence of the concern of state administrators in producing politically intelligent and religious citizens. In this study the author uses normative juridical research or also called doctrinal legal research
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