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Introduction Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common cancer in the head and neck. NPC is a malignancy of squamous cell on nasopharyngeal epithelial with the most common predilection site in rosenmuller fossa. Theetiology of this disease are multifactorial. A low oral hygiene on naso-oro-hypopharyngeal/laryngeal wall, Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection, smoking, alcohol consumption, genetic/hereditary factors, exposure to radiation, nutritional, deficiencies or decreased imune system are recognized as a risk factors. The study aim is to find out a characteristic of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and their risk factors in the west Nusa Tenggara Hospital in September-October 2018. Methods The study design was descriptive–cross sectional. The research subjects were NPC patients who came to the West Nusa Tenggara Hospital ENT-HNS Clinic, in the period September-October 2018. Results There were 37 patients enroled to this study. According to this study, the most patients found in age group 46 to 55 years (35.1%), predominantly men (67.6%) with the men and women ratio 2.5: 1. Based on patients origin, they come from all districts in west Nusa Tenggara province, with the most districts found in West Lombok (29.7%). The most risk factors were food factors (food preservative 19.9%, food flavoring 19.9%, salted fish 15.6% carcinogenic (grilled food) 6.5%), and environmental factors (cigarettes 11.3%, smoke 4.8 % and 4.8% dust). Conculsion There were several risk factors found in this study, however, the most risk factor was food factors (61.9%) followed by environmental factors (20.9%).

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a malignant tumor in the epithelial cell of the nasopharynx. Globally, the incidence was around 80,000 new cases annually or it composed 0.7% of cancer cases in the world. In locally advanced cases, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is a treatment of choice for this cancer. Chemotherapy could be given before the radiotherapy, or simultaneous, or after the radiotherapy. Chemotherapy can affect the hemoglobin levels by inducing a suppressive effect on bone marrow and a toxic effect on erythrocytes. Thus, this study aimed to explore the trend of hemoglobin levels in every cycle of chemotherapy in patients with NPC. This study is a retrospective study with secondary data collection of patients with NPC who received chemotherapy at the West Nusa Tenggara, one of the regions with low human development index (HDI) in Indonesia, during the period 2017-2019. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and repeated measurement ANOVA test to explore the difference of hemoglobin levels during every cycle of chemotherapy. The results showed a trend of decreasing mean hemoglobin levels in six series of chemotherapy, with p-value = 0.06 on repeated measurement test. There was a trend of decreasing mean haemoglobin levels in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer who received chemotherapy in low HDI region in Indonesia.

Latar Belakang: Karsinoma nasofaring merupakan keganasan epitelial yang berasal dari permukaan dinding lateral dan posterior nasofaring. Faktor-faktor yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kanker nasofaring antara lain adalah genetik, infeksi Ebstein-Barr virus dan lingkungan. distribusi Jenis kelamin di setiap kejadian karsinoma nasofaring 2 sampai 3 kali lipat lebih tinggi pada laki-laki dari pada perempuan. Ekspresi Bcl-2 pada KNF yang tidak berdiferensiasi berhubungan dengan penghambatan proses apoptosis serta perpanjangan kelangsungan hidup sel. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian potong lintang atau cross sectional. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang pengukuran dan pengamatannya dilakukan secara simultan dalam satu waktu (pada waktu yang bersamaan). Sampel penelitian ini adalah pasien kanker nasofaring yang berada di Rumah Sakit Umum Nusa Tenggara Barat, yang ditentukan dengan teknik consecutive sampling dengan menyesuaikan dengan usia pasien. Pada sampel penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan ekspresi Bcl-2 pada blok paraffin pasien kanker nasofaring menggunakan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia. Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi lambda. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan imunohistokimia, dari 30 sampel yang diteliti, 10 orang (33,3%) mengekspresikan Bcl-2 (-) negatif, 8 orang (26,7%) mengekspresikan Bcl-2 (+), 2 orang (6,6%) mengekspresikan Bcl-2 (++), 10 orang  (33,3%) mengekspresikan Bcl-2 (+++). Hasil uji chi square menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang tidak signifikan antara jenis kelamin dengan Bcl-2 pada karsinoma nasofaring WHO III (P= 0,965) dengan korelasi yang sangat lemah berdasarkan uji korelasi lambda (r = 0,03). Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi antara jenis kelamin dengan ekspresi Bcl-2 pada karsinoma nasofaring tetapi data yang di hasilkan tidak bermakna.

Advances in technology and communication media that are increasingly rapidly giving meaning to the development of education where various information can be easily accessed, including health. Among the various latest trends that have emerged, podcasts appear as a very interesting technology for conducting health education and can be accepted by all circles, including the millennial generation. Various health education themes have been carried out through podcasts, one of which is noise awareness which reviews various information about the importance of maintaining hearing health and its impact on quality of life. The millennial generation is an age group that is close to technological developments, so that more and more young people are at risk of hearing loss due to frequent exposure to loud sounds from gadgets or from a noisy surrounding environment. The results of this podcast recording are then uploaded through the YouTube channel with the hope that the information that has been reviewed in it will be able to increase high awareness of individuals, especially the younger generation regarding their daily attitudes in maintaining hearing health, as a preventive and promotive effort. The result of this activity is the acceptance of education about noise awareness by the public which can be seen from the viewers listed on the youtube page. There are 675 viewers on this podcast upload.