Natural enemy is an important factor in management of cacao pests. One way to increase its diversity and abundance is through agroecosystem management techniques that support. The study was conducted for one year from February 2014 to February 2015 in Banjarsari Plantation and a cocoa farm of Kaliwining Experimental Station, Jember, which applied different cropping patterns and use of insecticides. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of cropping pattern and use of insecticide on diversity and abundance of predators, parasitoids, abundance and intensity of Helopeltis antonii attack. Observation of pests and natural enemies was done visually, using sweep net, yellow pan traps, malaise trap and pifall trap. Intensity of the attack used Pedigo & Buntin equations. Diversity index used Shannon Diversity Index (H’) and Simpson’s dominance index (C). Differences in predator abundance, parasitoid, air temperature, relative humidity, light intensity and rainfall used Wilcoxon test. Results of this study showed that monoculture and intensive use of synthetic insecticides caused lower diversity and abundance of predators and parasitoids, while the abundance and intensity of H. antonii attacks were higher compared with polyculture without insecticide. Banjarsari cocoa plantation that applied monoculture and intensive use of synthetic insecticides, had lower diversity and abundance predators and parasitoids compared with cocoa plantation in Kaliwining that applied polyculture planting without using insecticide. Dominant predators in Banjarsari and in Kaliwining cocoa plantations were Dolichoderus thoracicus and Araneus diadematus, while dominant parasitoid in Banjarsari and in Kaliwining cocoa plantations was Araneus diadematus.
Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan menurunnya produksi kedelai yaitu serangan hama penghisap polong (Riptortus linearis). Pada penelitian ini pengendalikan hama penghisap polong pada kedelai menggunakan pestisida nabati ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pestisida nabati ekstrak daun sirsak terhadap intensitas serangan hama penghisap polong dan berat polong. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2018 hingga April 2018 di lahan Desa Kebonsari Kidul, Kecamatan Yosowilangun, Kabupaten Lumajang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan yaitu P0 (Deltametrin 25gr/l), Ekstrak daun sirsak dengan konsentrasi : P1 (10%), P2 (30%), P3 (60%) dan P4 (90%) dengan 5 ulangan. Uji data menggunakan ANOVA (Analyze of Varians) dan uji lanjut dengan BNT 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 5 perlakuan tersebut berpengaruh nyata terhadap intensitas serangan umur 63 HST dan tidak berbeda nyata pada intensitas serangan umur 56 HST,70 HST dan 77 HST dan parameter berat polong. Intensitas serangan hama penghisap polong berkorelasi negatif terhadap berat polong.
Walang sangit merupakan hama utama tanaman padi. Penanggulangan hama ini sering dilakukan dengan Penggunaan insektisida sintetik secara intensif yang berpotensi memacu resistensi, sehingga deteksi resistensi secara dini perlu dilakukan agar status resistensi hama dapat diketahui lebih awal yang bermanfaat dalam menyusun strategi pengendalian hama resisten. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Antirogo, Jember yang menggunakan insektisida sintetik berbahan aktif Fipronil dan di Desa Lombok Kulon, Bondowoso yang menggunakan musuh alami Beauveria bassiana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari status resistensi walang sangit terhadap Fipronil, kepekaannya terhadap B. bassiana, perkembangan populasi dan intensitas serangan. Data populasi dan intensitas serangan ditampilkan dalam bentuk box-plot. Nisbah resistensi dianalisis dengan Regresi probit. Perbedaan populasi dan intensitas serangan kedua lokasi menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Hubungan antara populasi dan intensitas serangan menggunakan korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian adalah walang sangit Antirogo telah resisten terhadap insektisida berbahan aktif Fipronil. dengan Nisbah Resistensi 9,33. Walang sangit Antirogo peka terhadap B. bassiana dengan Nisbah Resistensi 0,28. Intensitas serangan walang sangit Antirogo pada 9 MST dan 10 MST adalah 9,38 ± 15,53 % dan 5,83 ± 11,06%. Intensitas serangan walang sangit Lombok Kulon pada 9 MST dan 10 MST adalah 2,36 ± 5,85% dan 1,50 ± 5,37%. Populasi walang sangit Antirogo pada 9 dan 10 MST adalah 0,57 ± 0,94 dan 0,37 ± 0,66. Populasi walang sangit Lombok Kulon pada 9 dan 10 MST adalah 0,39 ± 0,53 dan 0,20 ± 0,40
This study aimed to examine the potential of husk charcoal liquid smoke as a bioinsecticide in controlling S. litura and its effect on the diversity of arthropods in Edamame soybeans. The research was conducted from February 2021 to June 2021, at The Plant Protection Laboratory, Bioscience Laboratory Jember State Polytechnic and farmers' land in Balung Lor Village, Jember Regency. Laboratory research examines the bioactive components of 3rd grade husk charcoal liquid smoke, toxicity. The treatment of liquid smoke of husk charcoal, compared with Fipronil as a positive control, used the Mann Whitney test. Observations were: S. litura population, damage intensity, pod weight per plant and arthropod diversity. The results of the the research were: GCMS analysis showed that the liquid smoke of husk charcoal 3rd grade contains 35 components that were detected by a mass spectrometer. The bioactive compound as an antifeedant with the highest concentration was Acetic Acid, ws 37.03%. LC50 and LC95 were 9% and 28% respectively; The liquid smoke of husk charcoal was more effective in reducing the population of S. litura and the damage intensity; pods weight 48.92 grams per plant, Fipronil 23.92 grams per plant. Shannon Wiener Diversity Index of husk charcoal liquid smoke was 2.57 Fipronil was 1.85, Sorensen similarity index was 77% (different). The dominance index of Simpson bioinsecticide liquid smoke husk charcoal was 0.10 lower than Fipronil, which was 0.54.
As an important pest, Helopeltis Antonii reduces cocoa yields ca. 32-44 %. Related to H. antonii, this research aimed to identify the arthropods diversity, population and attack intensity of H. antonii in three different managements of cocoa plantations i.e. Kedaton, Banjarsari and Nogosari, Jember district, East Java, Indonesia from February 2014 to February 2015. The arthropod collection was done by visually, sweep net, yellow pan, malaise and pitfall traps. Arthropods diversity and similarity were analyzed by Margalef species richness index (R), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Evenness index (E), Simpson dominance index (C) and Sorensen Similarity index (SS). The different number of arthropod, population and attack intensity of H. antonii between plantations were examined by Wilcoxon test. The research showed that the highest species richness, diversity and evenness index values was in Nogosari and it was in a stable condition. About 10 orders, 35 families and 41 species of arthropods in Nogosari, it was higher than two other cocoa plantations. Nogosari was different from Kedaton and Banjarsari based on Sorensen Similarity Index with 78.26 and 77.78 % respectively. In addition, population dynamic and attack intensity of H. antonii in the three cocoa plantations were different in a year.
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