Abstract. Background/Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), VEGFR-3 antibody-conjugated ginsenoside Rg .). Real-time fluorescence imaging was performed to assess tumor inhibition in each group. Metastasis was evaluated by open fluorescence imaging at autopsy. The expression of lymphangiogenesis-related factors VEGF-C, VEDF-D and VEGFR-3 in the tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and real-time RCP. Results: VRIN and 5-FU significantly inhibited primary tumor growth as compared to vehicle control (p<0.05). However, significant inhibition of lymph-node metastasis was only found in the VRIN-treated group (p<0.05). The expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 in the tumor was suppressed by VRIN treatment (p<0.05). Expression of VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 in the 5-FUtreated group was not significantly increased (p>0.05). No obvious toxicity was found in

Objectives The objective of this paper was to explore the effects of Radix isatidis polysaccharide (RIP) extracted from Radix isatis on alleviating insulin resistance. Methods The insulin resistance models of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and type 2 diabetic rats were established to evaluate the insulin resistance activity of RIP. Key findings Radix isatidis polysaccharide within the concentration range of 25–100 μg/ml could reduce cell supernatant glucose and TNF‐α levels (P < 0.01) and increase the expression of PI‐3K P85, Glut4, IRS‐1 and Akt protein in symptoms of IR 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. In the meantime, RIP contributed to relieve the weight loss of diabetic rats whose liver weight and liver index were decreased due to the effects of RIP. Experiments in rats also showed that RIP had capacity in reduced serum TC, TG, LDL‐C, FFA, FBG, FINS, MDA, ALT, AST activities and increased serum HDL‐C, SOD, ISI (P < 0.05 or 0.01). In addition, the oral glucose tolerance in rats was improved (P < 0.05) and liver damage was restored due to RIP. Conclusions Radix isatidis polysaccharide significantly alleviates insulin resistance in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and type 2 diabetic rats. These beneficial effects of RIP may associate with their roles in improving the glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.

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