Neutrophil collagenase-2 immunoassay had a high sensitivity for at least two sites with BOP and two sites with periodontal pockets but a lower relationship for single-site pockets and BOP.

The authors recently reported, in this journal, an epidemiologic survey of autism in Utah. Twenty (9.7%) of the 207 families ascertained had more than one autistic child. Analyses of these data revealed that autism is 215 times more frequent among the siblings of autistic patients than in the general population. The overall recurrence risk estimate (the chance that each sibling born after an autistic child will develop autism) is 8.6%. If the first autistic child is a male the recurrence risk estimate is 7%, and if a female 14.5%. These new recurrence risk estimates should be made available to all individuals who have autistic children and are interested in family planning.

To assess familial aggregation of autism, 86 autistic subjects were linked to the Utah Genealogical Database. Kinship coefficients were estimated for all possible pairs of autistic subjects and then averaged. Fifty replicate sets of matched control subjects (86 members in each set) were drawn randomly from the database, and the average kinship coefficient was computed for all possible pairs of individuals in each set. The average kinship coefficient for the autistic subjects was approximately 1/1,000, while the average kinship coefficients for the 50 control groups ranged from 4/100,000 to 1.6./10,000. These results indicate a strong tendency for autism to cluster in families. When kinship was analyzed by specific degrees of relationship, it was shown that the familial aggregation of autism is confined exclusively to sib pairs and does not extend to more remote degrees of relationship. This finding indicates that a single‐gene model is unlikely to account for most cases of autism.

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a common childhood renal disorder; the prevalence of Urinary tract infection (UTI) in these patients is high. The increased prevalence of UTI are due to immunoglobulin loss, defective T cell function, presence of ascites and relative malnutrition. Objective: The study is to evaluate the prevalence of UTI , its etiological agents, antibiotics, sensitivity pattern and the outcome in children with nephrotic syndrome. Methods: A prospective study of all patients with diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome from January 2003 to December 2006. Urine specimen were routinely obtained by clean catch method following careful preparation urethral orifices. The specimens were processed immediately. Five millimeters (5mml) loopful of the sample were inoculated on a blood agar and CLED agar plates. Identification of the organism to species level was by using stokes disc diffusion technique. Results: Forty two patients were studied. The mean age and SEM for males was 8.2 + 0.5years and females with 7.9 + 0.8years. The age range was two to fifteen years UTI was caused predominantly by Staphylococcus aureus in 67.9%, Klebsiella species (17.9%) and Pseudomonas (14.2%). There was high invitro resistance of these organisms to nalidixic acid and ampicillin but sensitive to cefotaxime, ceftriazone and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: It is recommend that UTI should be sought for in patients with nephrotic syndrome and treatment should be prompt and appropriate. Key words: Childhood, nephrotic syndrome, UTI, prevalenceRésumé Arrière-plan : Syndrome néphrotique est un trouble rénale enfance courant ; la prévalence des voies urinaires infections (UTI) chez ces patients est élevée. La prévalence accrue de UTI sont dues à perte immunoglobuline, fonction de la cellule T défectueux, présence de l'ascite et la malnutrition relative. Objectif: L'étude est d'évaluer la prévalence de la UTI, ses agents étiologique, les antibiotiques, motif de la sensibilité et le résultat chez les enfants avec néphrotique Syndrome. Méthodes: Une étude éventuelle de tous les patients présentant le diagnostic du syndrome nephrotique entre le janvier 2003 à décembre 2006. Le spécimen d'urine ont été par habitude obtenus par la méthode propre de crochet suivant les orifices uréthraux de préparation soigneuse. Les spécimens ont été traités immédiatement. Cinq millimètres (5mml) de loopful de l'échantillon ont été inoculés des plats de sang agar et d'agar de CLED. L'identification de l'organization aux espèces de niveau était en employant charge la technique de diffusion de disque Résultats: Quarante deux patients ont été étudiés. L'âge moyen et le SEM pour des mâles étaient 8.2 + 0.5years et femelles avec 7.9 + 0.8years. La tranche d'âge était de deux à quinze ans où UTI a été causé principalement près Staphylocoque doré dans 67.9%, espèces de klebsiella (17.9%) et pseudomonas (14.2%). Il y avait hauts résistance d'invitro de ces organizations à l'acide et à l'ampicilline nalidixic mais sensible au cefotaxime, au ceftriazone et au ciprofl...

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