Summary. p-Aminoazobenzene (PAAB) was degradated by Bacillus subtilis. Both aniline and p-phenylenediamine as degradative compounds from PAAB were identified by thin layer chromatographic-, and high performance liquid chromatographic-methods. This fact suggests that the first degradative reaction of PAAB by B. subtilis is reductive fission of azo bond in PAAB.PAAB has been used as one of dispersing dyestuffs in dyeing industry. Recently, it has become known that many dyestuffs cause environmental pollution due to their resistance against biodegradation. PAAB can also be said to be in this category; moreover, it is found that PAAB is not only hardly degradated by activated sludge, but also decreases the activity of activated sludge. Because of this, PAAB must be degradated by some special microorganism.In discussing the metabolism of azo compounds by mammals, it has been reported by (Fours et al., 1957;Daniel, 1962; and West66, 1965) that azo compounds were reductively cleaved. On the other hand, the metabolism of azo compounds by microorganisms has only been studied using brewer's yeast (Eisenbrand and Klauck, 1955), baker's yeast (Mecke and Schm~ihl, 1957) and Proteus vulgaris from intestines of rats (Roxon et al., 1966;1967). In screening the activity of bacteria to degradate PAAB, we found that B. subtilis degradated PAAB faster and stronger than other bacteria examined.In this paper, degradative conditions of PAAB by B. subtilis, isolation, identification of aniline and p-phenylenediamine as degradative compounds from PAAB by thin layer chromatographic-, and high performance liquid chromatographic-methods, and preparation of cell-free extract having PAAB reductase activity from B. subtilis are reported.
Materials and MethodsCbemicals. All chemicals used in this work were commercial products.
A combination of propofol plus fentanyl plus ketamine would provide greater reduction of fluctuations in hemodynamic variables associated with induction of anesthesia and tracheal intubation than combinations of propofol plus fentanyl or propofol plus ketamine.
Successive studies set a goal to clarify spatial factors in medical institutions to contribute the development of severely disabled children. In this study focusing on the childens'postures, relations between their postures and mobility, floor covering material, and body supports including bed, wheel chair and floormat were explained. The key results were: 1) Differences between their postures and mobility were observed among individuals. However, effective ties were shown, 2) Sufficient floor-seating space in common area led more chances to take a floor sitting posture, usually seen on a bed in a room, in common area, and 3) Setting of chairs for work and rest produced more chances for them to experience variety in seating postures than using wheel chairs only.
This paper analyzed characters of house and life reconstruction behavior by residents in Tamaura-West district which is the large-scale advanced. However, the drastic change is mitigated with adjustment of way of living by the residents themselves. It is caused to characters of plan of the district (rapid reconstruction, mixture of house types, maintenance of previous neighborhood etc.). On the other hand, restriction by customs about family and restoration institution sometimes have negative affect on the activeness of the residents.
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