Aims/Introduction Urinary kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1) has been associated with proximal tubular damage in human and animal studies. Although it has been recognized as a biomarker of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, its significance in the serum remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the relationship of serum and urinary KIM‐1 levels with renal parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods Serum and urinary KIM‐1 levels, together with urinary liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein, were measured in 602 patients with type 2 diabetes and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2. These were then compared with the urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio and eGFR. Results The serum and urinary KIM‐1 levels were significantly different among the three (eGFR ≥60, 45–59, <45 mL/min/1.73 m2) groups. These levels were positively associated with the albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio and negatively associated with eGFR. In a multivariate logistic model, both serum and urinary KIM‐1 were associated with an increased albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (>30 mg/g Cr), but only the serum KIM‐1 was associated with a lower eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2), after adjustment for covariates. Conclusions Renal parameters appear to be strongly associated with serum KIM‐1, and not urinary KIM‐1, in patients with type 2 diabetes and an eGFR ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Aims/IntroductionA low level of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) is a common feature of metabolic syndrome. We have reported that Japanese–Americans who share a virtually identical genetic makeup with native Japanese, but who have lived Westernized lifestyles for decades, have lower HDLC levels and a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes compared with native Japanese. However, the impact of low HDLC level on type 2 diabetes is unclear. The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether serum HDLC level was associated with development of type 2 diabetes and if the effect might be modified by lifestyle.Materials and MethodsWe examined 1,133 non‐diabetic Japanese–Americans and 1,072 non‐diabetic Japanese, who underwent the 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were followed for an average of 8.8 and 7.0 years, respectively. We analyzed whether serum HDLC level is a risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes based on the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsAfter adjustment for age and sex, hazard ratios for development of type 2 diabetes per unit of serum HDLC level (mmol/L) were 0.292 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.186–0.458, P < 0.0001) among Japanese–Americans and 0.551 (95% CI 0.375–0.88, P = 0.0023) among native Japanese. Comparable hazard ratios after further adjustment for category of OGTT and body mass index were 0.981 (95% CI 0.970–0.993, P = 0.0018) and 0.991 (95% CI 0.980–1.002, P = 0.112), respectively.ConclusionsHDLC level was associated with development of type 2 diabetes in both Japanese–Americans and native Japanese. However, these results suggest that the impact of high‐density lipoprotein on glucose metabolism might be affected by lifestyle.
BackgroundAlthough Japanese–Americans and native Japanese share the same genetic predispositions, they live different lifestyles, resulting in insulin resistance in Japanese–Americans. We investigated whether the quantitative and qualitative changes in adiponectin (APN) due to differences in lifestyle contribute to the development of insulin resistance.MethodsWe evaluated 325 native Japanese in Hiroshima, Japan and 304 Japanese–Americans in Los Angeles, the United States, who were aged between 30 and 70 years and underwent medical examinations between 2009 and 2010. All participants underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to assess their glucose tolerance. The insulin response to oral glucose load, the Matsuda index, total APN levels, and C1q-APN/total-APN ratios were compared between native Japanese and Japanese–Americans.ResultsCompared with the native Japanese, the Japanese–Americans had significantly lower Matsuda index and higher area under the curve values for serum insulin concentration during OGTT in the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) groups, but not in the diabetes mellitus (DM) group. Furthermore, the Japanese–Americans had significantly lower total APN levels and higher C1q-APN/total-APN ratios than the native Japanese in the NGT and IGT groups, but not in the DM group.ConclusionsThis study suggested that, in Japanese people, the westernization of their lifestyle might affect quantitative and qualitative changes in APN and induce insulin resistance.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0565-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Aim: Serum cholesterol efflux has been suggested to be a key anti-atherogenic function of reverse cholesterol transport. Meanwhile, the quantitative and qualitative alteration of the levels of lipoproteins in the serum has been reported in patients with diabetes, although it remains unclear whether the serum cholesterol efflux capacity is impaired in cases of newly diagnosed glucose intolerance. We thus assessed the relationship between the serum cholesterol efflux capacity and glucose intolerance as detected using oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). Methods: We measured the capacity of whole serum to mediate cholesterol efflux from human THP-1 macrophages in a cohort of 439 Japanese-Americans who underwent 75-g OGTTs. A multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the serum cholesterol efflux capacity and glucose intolerance. Results: The serum cholesterol efflux capacity was found to be negatively correlated with the area under the curve for the serum glucose concentration during the 75-g OGTTs in all subjects. In addition, the serum cholesterol efflux capacity was found to be modestly but significantly lower in the glucose intolerance group (31.4±6.2%) than in the normal glucose tolerance group (33.2±6.1%). There was also a negative association between the serum cholesterol efflux capacity and glucose intolerance after adjusting for age and sex. Moreover, this association remained significant even after further adjustments for serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI and C-reactive protein. Conclusions:The serum cholesterol efflux capacity is impaired in Japanese-Americans newly diagnosed with glucose intolerance. This impairment may contribute in some manner to increasing the risk of atherosclerotic disease in subjects with glucose intolerance.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.