2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the endocannabinoid that mediates retrograde suppression of synaptic transmission in the brain. 2-AG is synthesized in activated postsynaptic neurons by sn-1-specific diacylglycerol lipase (DGL), binds to presynaptic cannabinoid CB 1 receptors, suppresses neurotransmitter release, and is degraded mainly by monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL). In the basolateral amygdala complex, it has been demonstrated that CB 1 is particularly enriched in axon terminals of cholecystokinin (CCK)-positive GABAergic interneurons, induces short-and long-term depression at inhibitory synapses, and is involved in extinction of fear memory. Here, we clarified a unique molecular convergence of DGLα, CB 1 , and MGL at specific inhibitory synapses in the basal nucleus (BA), but not lateral nucleus, of the basolateral amygdala. The synapses, termed invaginating synapses, consisted of conventional symmetrical contact and unique perisynaptic invagination of nerve terminals into perikarya. At invaginating synapses, DGLα was preferentially recruited to concave somatic membrane of postsynaptic pyramidal neurons, whereas invaginating presynaptic terminals highly expressed CB 1 , MGL, and CCK. No such molecular convergence was seen for flat perisomatic synapses made by parvalbumin-positive interneurons. On the other hand, DGLα and CB 1 were expressed weakly at axospinous excitatory synapses. Consistent with these morphological data, thresholds for DGLα-mediated depolarizationinduced retrograde suppression were much lower for inhibitory synapses than for excitatory synapses in BA pyramidal neurons. Moreover, depolarization-induced suppression was readily saturated for inhibition, but never for excitation. These findings suggest that perisomatic inhibition by invaginating synapses is a key target of 2-AGmediated control of the excitability of BA pyramidal neurons.retrograde signaling | metabotropic glutamate receptor | muscarinic acetylcholine receptor | depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition | depolarization-induced suppression of excitation M arijuana and other derivatives of the plant Cannabis sativa exert diverse neuropsychopharmacological actions, such as hallucination, euphoria, sedation, memory impairment, anxiolytic effect, appetite stimulation, motor deficit, and pain relief. These actions are mediated by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), an active component of cannabis, through its binding to cannabinoid CB 1 receptors (1). CB 1 is particularly abundant in specific types of neurons, is selective to presynaptic elements, and induces shortand long-term forms of retrograde suppression of neurotransmitter release (1). In the brain, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the major endogenous cannabinoid, synthesized in postsynaptic neurons by sn-1-specific diacylglycerol lipase (DGL) (2), and degraded mainly by monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) (3, 4). 2-AG synthesis is facilitated when depolarization of postsynaptic neurons is combined with G q/11 -coupled receptor activation (1). Selective postsynaptic expression...