Background: Incomplete vaccination can put children at greater risk of acquiring vaccinepreventable diseases. In Ethiopia, vaccination coverage against vaccine-preventable diseases is still a significant and persistent public health challenge. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the determinants of incomplete childhood vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in Gindhir District, Southeast Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based unmatched case-control design was employed among children aged 12-23 months from 1 to 28 February 2020. A total of 254 cases and 508 controls were included using the stratified random sampling technique. Cases included children aged 12-23 months who missed at least one dose of the routine vaccination, and controls were the children with complete vaccination with all required doses. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent factors for children's incomplete vaccination status. Results: Of all assessed determinants, maternal knowledge about vaccination (AOR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.80), educational status (AOR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.19, 5.67), average monthly income (AOR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.77), model family (AOR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.51, 4.14), taking TT vaccine (AOR= 0.45 95% CI: 0.29, 0.78), number of under five children (AOR= 4.90 95% CI: 1.72, 13.93) and birth order (AOR= 6.33, 95% CI: 1.89, 14.87) were found to have statistically significant association with childhood incomplete vaccination. Conclusion:In this study, the mother's education, model family, birth order, average monthly income, and knowledge were some of the independent determinants of incomplete childhood vaccination. Improving maternal knowledge, income, and educational status should be the expectable measure to reduce incomplete vaccination.
Introduction Neonatal intensive care unit is important to save the lives of a sick neonate; however, parents are challenged by several stressful conditions during their stay. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the lived experiences of parents in neonatal intensive care units in Ethiopia. Methods We used a phenomenological study design. The data were collected using an in-depth interview method from purposively selected parents. In addition, we followed a thematic analysis approach and used Open Code Software Version 4.02 to process the data. Results In this study, 18 parents were interviewed. The researchers have identified six themes. Parents complained of psychological problems like anxiety, stress, worries, hopelessness, and a state of confusion. In addition, anger, crying, sadness, frustration, dissatisfaction, regret, disappointment, feeling bad, self-blaming, nervousness, disturbance, and lack of self-control were major emotional problems raised by the parents. Parents expressed that health care providers showed indiscipline, lack of commitment, and uncooperative behaviour. Likewise, shortage of medicines, money, and limited time to visit their neonates were the other concerns of many parents. At the same time, parents were provided minimal information and limited cooperation from health care providers. Conclusion Parents whose infants admitted to the NICU were suffered from various psychological and emotional problems. Researchers recommend that health care providers should be supported parents with psycho-emotional problems, strengthen parents–healthcare workers' interaction, and scale up neonatal intensive care unit services to the primary health care centres. KEY MESSAGES Parents whose infants admitted to the NICU were suffered from psychological and emotional problems. Poor NICU environment, shortage of equipment, long hospital stay, the presence of pandemic COVID-19, and lack of parental involvement in the care were identified barriers that affected parents' stay.
The prevalence of measles was 55% in Afar region. Measles vaccination coverage was more than 85% in most of district of the region. But Recurrent here & there measles outbreak was reported. This might be hypothesized that low herd immunity in the community. Expanded programme on immunization is one of systems involved in measles surveillance in Afar region. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate performance of measles surveillance systems in the Afarregion..Descriptive evaluative study was conducted in Afar region from Feb 15-May 30/ 2017. A total of twenty three (n=23): one region, three districts, ten health centers and nine health posts were included by purposive sampling technique based on their involvement in and relevance to the measles surveillance system. Data was collected by trained nurses (n=12) using structured interviewer administered questionnaire adopted from "Centers of Disease Control (CDCs) Updated Guidelines for the Evaluation of Surveillance Systems.Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. The study revealed that the Performance of surveillance systems core activities relatively were 100% at regional level. But, at district and health facility level were still far from the 80% target. Performance of surveillance systems supportive function at health facility levels were still far from the 80% target, but relatively 100% at regional and district level. Timelines & completeness both at regional and district level was low which was still far from the 80% target. So,the system found to be simple and flexible. It is inadequate completeness and timeliness. There were Poor mechanisms of feedback from central to peripheral health system. System has low stability, which led system to be not very useful and not representative. Predictive value positive found to be low. Surveillance system appears to be not meeting its objectives. Hence, the region should expand a web based reporting system.
Background: Neonatal intensive care settings are important to save the lives of sick neonates; however, parents are challenged by many stressful conditions during their stay outside the rooms of intensive care units. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the lived experiences of parents in a neonatal intensive care unit at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: In this study, a phenomenological qualitative approach was used to explore parental experience and data were collected using in-depth interviews from purposively selected parents. In addition, a thematic approach was used to analyze the data using Open Code Software Version 4.02. Results: In this study, parents found to developed psychological problems like anxiety, stress, worry, hopelessness and state of confusion. Emotional related conditions were anger, crying, sadness, frustration, dissatisfaction, regret, disappointment, feeling bad, self-blaming, nervousness, disturbance and lack of self-control. Parents expressed that health care providers showed indiscipline, lack of commitment and not cooperative at all. Conclusion: Parents of neonates in the intensive care unit were challenged due to a shortage of money and traveling a long distance. Psychological and emotional factors were identified as major stressors of parents during their stay in the NICU. Hence, providing psycho-emotional supports, strengthening parents–healthcare providers’ interaction, and scale up neonatal intensive care unit service into the primary health care unit are recommended.
On July 5, 2016, Amibera District Health office was alerted of excess of malaria cases in two villages. Within July 5 to 17, 2016 malaria outbreak and associations factors were investigated. A malaria case is when a person with fever or fever with headache is confirmed either microscopically to have Plasmodium parasites or by Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) to detect the malaria antigens. In the last five years malaria data were reviewed from 2011 to 2015 at the district level. Cases were identified by using line list and house to house active case search was done on a daily basis. Unmatched case-control study was conducted in 1:1 ratio conveniently selected cases (117) and community controls (117). The control was the neighbor of those who have not developed symptoms of malaria in the last three months. Data were collected through a structured interview administered questionnaire, entered into Epi-info version7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. A total of 415 confirmed malaria cases with no death was identified. The predominant species was Plasmodium Falciparum accounting for 95.5%. The median age was 27 years (ranges 2-63 years). The highest age specific attack rate was above 15 years (63.7/1000 populations). Poor insecticide treated bed net utilization, absence of indoor residual spray, sleeping outside of their homes at nights and presence of stagnant water were factors associated with the disease contraction. In this study the current malaria outbreak was higher in magnitude than that of three years ago.
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