Malaria outbreak and contracting factors in Afar Region, Ethiopia, 2016

Debela, Mitiku Bonsa; Kahsay, Alemayehu Bayray; Mokonnon, Taklu Marama

doi:10.5897/jphe2018.1000

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…Similarly, our study recognized that people found close to the stagnant water were 3.3 times more affected than those who lived far from it. This finding is supported by a report from Afar, Ethiopia [19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Malaria outbreak investigation and contracting factors in Simada District, Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study

et al. 2019

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Objective The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of malaria outbreak and investigate contracting factors of malaria in Simada District, Northwest Ethiopia. A single observation original research. Results Among the total 54 cases, 44 (81.5%) of them were confirmed malaria cases. The average attack rate was 20 per 100 and slide positivity rate was 81.5%. People in the age group of 5–14 years were most affected with an attack rate of 37%. Presence of water bodies for mosquito breeding inside less than 1 km radius (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI 1.18–9.34), no knowledge on transmission, prevention and control mechanisms of malaria (AOR = 4.36, 95% CI 1.64, 12.23), not using Insecticide Treated Bed Net (AOR = 5.85, 95% CI 1.94, 17.54) and absence of environmental control (AOR = 10.01, 95% CI 2.94, 33.33) were factors associated with malaria outbreak. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4315-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Malaria outbreak investigation and contracting factors in Simada District, Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study

et al. 2019

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“…Malaria surveillance in endemic regions assists in reducing the burden of morbidity and mortality by providing data for trend analysis, resource allocation, vector control monitoring, drug efficacy and resistance and epidemic detection, preparedness and response [7]. Poor epidemic preparedness and response (EPR) can result in the inability to analyse and interpret surveillance data which leads to late notification and delayed outbreak investigation [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with malaria infection in Mudzi District, Mashonaland East Zimbabwe, 2019: a case-control study

et al. 2020

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Background Kondo Rural Health Centre recorded 27 malaria patients between the 27th of January 2019 and the 2nd of February 2019 against an epidemic threshold of 19 with the malaria outbreak being confirmed on the 5th of February 2019. Indoor residual spraying as part of integrated vector management control activities had been done in the district before the onset of the rainy season as well as social behaviour change communication but residents were contracting malaria. We, therefore, investigated the risk factors associated with this outbreak to recommend scientifically effective prevention and control measures. Methods We conducted a 1:1 unmatched case-control study. A case was a resident of Mudzi from the 4th of February 2019 who had a positive rapid diagnostic test for malaria randomly selected from the clinic’s line list whilst controls were randomly selected from the neighbourhood of cases. Pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on demographic characteristics, knowledge and practices of residents in malaria prevention. Data were analysed using Epi info 7. Results A total of 567 confirmed malaria cases was recorded with an overall attack rate of 71.7 per 1000 population. Sixty-three case-control pairs were interviewed. The majority of cases 78% (49/63) were from Makaza, Chanetsa and Nyarongo villages which are within 3 km from Vhombodzi dam. A stagnant water body near a house [aOR = 8.0, 95%CI = (2.3–28.6)], engaging in outdoor activities before dawn or after dusk [aOR = 8.3, 95%CI = (1.1–62.7)] and having a house with open eaves [aOR = 5.4, 95%CI = (1.2–23.3)] were independent risk factors associated with contracting malaria. Wearing long-sleeved clothes when outdoors at night [aOR = 0.2, 95%CI = (0.1–0.4)] was protective. Conclusion A stagnant water pool close to the homestead and engaging in outdoor activities before dawn and after dusk were modifiable risk factors associated with the malaria outbreak despite the community being knowledgeable on the transmission and prevention of malaria. Community sensitisation and mobilisation in the destruction of stagnant water bodies and cutting of tall grass around homesteads were recommended measures to contain the outbreak.

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“…Afar Region is characterized by the lowland areas (≤1500 m altitude) with hot or warm climate. This special geography and climate leads to malaria outbreak epidemics and high prevalence of malaria disease in Afar region [5]. Ethiopia is a home of diversified flora which have been widely used as traditional medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Screening and In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Two Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants of Afar Region, Ethiopia, against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss Albino Mice

Gebrehiwot¹,

Shumbahri

Eyado

et al. 2019

Journal of Parasitology Research

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The objective of the present study was to investigate phytochemical components, antiplasmodial activity (in vivo) and evaluate the toxicity of two local medicinal plants, namely, Salvadora persica L. and Balanites rotundifolia (Van Tiegh.) used in Afar ethnomedicine for the treatment of malaria. In this study, phytochemical screening has been done using standard methods and the existence of antiplasmodial compounds was detected in these plant extracts. Four-day Peter’s test was used to determine parasite inhibition, PCV was determined by Wintrob’s method, and effects against loss of body weight and improvements on survival time were determined. LD50s of the crude extracts have been also done. Acute toxicity studies of the extracts were carried out in Swiss albino mice prior to antimalarial activity test. All extracts revealed no obvious acute toxicities on mice up to the highest (5000mg/kg) dose given. The crude extract was estimated to have oral median lethal dose higher than 5,000 mg/kg. With the 4-day suppressive test, both plant extracts demonstrated dose-dependent significant reduction in parasitemia level at all test doses compared to the negative control: in the extract of B. rotundifolia 500 mg/kg extract (60.59±3.25%), 350 mg/kg extract (48.1±1.4), and 200 mg/kg extract (41.33±1.1%) were found. And in case of S. Persica 500 mg/kg extract (50.6±4.01%), 350 mg/kg extract (35.85±0.89), and 200 mg/kg extract (27.69±1.14%) were found. The results of this study provide support for the traditional therapeutic value and the reported antimalarial activity.

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Malaria outbreak and contracting factors in Afar Region, Ethiopia, 2016

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Malaria outbreak investigation and contracting factors in Simada District, Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study

Malaria outbreak investigation and contracting factors in Simada District, Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study

Factors associated with malaria infection in Mudzi District, Mashonaland East Zimbabwe, 2019: a case-control study

Phytochemical Screening and In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Two Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants of Afar Region, Ethiopia, against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss Albino Mice

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