Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi a purificação e organofilização em escala piloto de dois tipos de argila bentonita (cinza e verde) com tensoativo não iônico e a aplicação destas argilas em nanocompósitos com matriz de Polipropileno (PP). As argilas foram purificadas e em seguida organicamente modificadas com tensoativo não iônico tornandose organofílicas, sendo denominadas de CPO e VPO respectivamente, e caracterizadas por Análise Granulométrica por Difração a Laser (AG), análise química por Fluorescência de Raios X (EDX), Difração de Raios X (DRX) e espectroscopia no infravermelho (IV). Os resultados de AG e EDX mostraram redução significativa do teor de areia e da sílica livre na forma de quartzo confirmando que houve a purificação da argila. Os resultados de DRX e IV mostraram que a organofilização em escala piloto das argilas foi realizada com sucesso. Os compósitos contendo 3pcr de argila foram caracterizados por DRX, Calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), Termogravimetria (TG) e propriedades mecânicas. As análises por DRX indicaram formação de um nanocompósito com estrutura intercalada para o sistema PP/E-GMA/CPO, enquanto para o sistema PP/E-GMA/VPO formou-se um micro-compósito. Os resultados de DSC indicaram que as argilas não influenciaram na temperatura de fusão do PP. Os resultados de TG indicaram que as argilas CPO e VPO melhoraram a estabilidade térmica do PP. O sistema PP/E-GMA/CPO foi o que apresentou maior estabilidade térmica e maior módulo. As resistências à tração e ao impacto dos compósitos não apresentaram melhora significativa em relação ao PP puro. Mesmo assim, este comportamento é importante uma vez que as propriedades mecânicas do PP não foram deterioradas. Palavras-chave: Nanocompósitos, organofilização, tensoativo não iônico, argila purificada. Purification and Organophilization in Pilot Scale of Bentonitic Clays with a Non-ionic Surfactant and their Application in Polymer NanocompositesAbstract: The aim of this work was the purification and organophilization on a pilot scale of two types of bentonite clay (green and grey) with nonionic surfactant, and their application in nanocomposites with a Polypropylene (PP) matrix. The bentonitic clays were purified and then organically modified with a non-ionic surfactant to become organophilic, being referred to as CPO and VPO respectively, and characterized by Particle Size Analysis by Laser Diffraction (AG), chemical analysis by X-Ray Fluorescence (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The results of AG and EDX showed significant reduction in the amount of sand and free silica in the form of quartz confirming that the clay was purified. The results of XRD and IR showed that the organophilization on pilot scale of the clays was successful. The composites containing 3phr of clay were characterized by XRD, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and mechanical properties. XRD results indicated that for the PP/E-GMA/CPO system a nanocomposite with an intercalated structure was formed. As ...
The state of Paraíba disposes of one of the largest deposits of smectites in the country. However, these smectites present in their composition elevated contents of accessory minerals, especially quartz. For these clays to become viable to determine technological use it is necessary the elimination of part of these minerals. The particle size analysis of a soil consists in the determination of the size of the particles that constitute it and their distribution in certain intervals. This work aims to study smectite clays from the city of Pedra Lavrada-PB, through the particle size analyses, for the use in water based drilling fluids. The determination of particle size was made by sieving and laser granulometer. Apparent and plastic viscosities were measured from the samples. The clays were left at rest before the test for periods of 7 and 28 days, with and without deflocculant. It was verified that there was no significant difference in the particle sizes in relation to the resting time of the samples.
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