INTRODUCTION: Deficiency of vitamin D has been implicated in several disorders, including skeletal, immune, neural, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The impact of vitamin D deficiency on CVDs is potentially through derangement of cardiometabolic profile. The present work assessed the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and cardiometabolic markers in adult men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study (n=160) was conducted on adult men between the ages 35-50 years without a history of CVDs and/or diabetes, liver, or kidney disorders. Serum vitamin D, lipid profile (cholesterol, triacylglycerol; TAG, low[1]density lipoprotein; LDL, high-density lipoprotein; HDL), and renal function tests (urea, creatinine) were measured using enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Pearson’s correlation was used for assessing correlations between the studied parameters. Participants were further grouped as underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese based on their BMI values, and one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s tests were done to observe group mean differences. RESULTS: Vitamin D and HDL were positively correlated (r=0.395, p=0.000) while negative correlation of serum vitamin D levels was seen with TAG (r=-0.539, p=0.000), cholesterol (r=-0.325, p=0.000), LDL (r=-0.541, p=0.000) and urea (r=-0.514, p=0.000). Levels of serum vitamin D (p=0.000) and HDL (p=0.000) were lower while levels of TAG (p=0.000), cholesterol (p=0.000), LDL (p=0.000) and urea (p=0.000) were higher in the overweight and obese groups. CONCLUSION: Inadequate serum vitamin D status is associated with dyslipidaemia in adult men. Moreover, obese and overweight men have lower serum vitamin D levels with pronounced dyslipidaemia, thus highlighting vitamin D as a potential cardiometabolic risk factor.
Obesity is a common clinical disorder featuring excessive buildup of body fat. The bioavailability of vitamin D in obese subjects is lowered because of its sequestration in the superfluous fat tissue. Hypovitaminosis D itself is associated with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension, which are also linked to obesity. Objectives: To compare and correlate serum vitamin D and insulin resistance in controls and overweight / obese males. Study Design: Cross Sectional, Comparative Study. Setting: The study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Post – Graduate Medical Institute (PGMI) in collaboration with Lahore General Hospital and Central Park Medical College. Period: From 7th June 2018 to 10th Oct 2018. Material and Methods: Eighty male subjects (age range 35-50 years) included in this cross-sectional comparative study were divided into two groups on the basis of BMI; Group I: non-obese (control) BMI < 25 Kg/m2 (n=40) and Group II: overweight / obese males with BMI ˃25 Kg/m2 (n=40). Fasting serum vitamin D (25 hydroxy cholecalciferol; 25-OH D, serum insulin and blood glucose levels were measured. Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated from fasting serum glucose levels taken in mmol/l and the fasting serum insulin taken in µIU/ml by using Homeostasis Model Assessment-estimated Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR index). Results: Group II had lower serum 25-OH vitamin D levels and higher HOMA-IR index than control group. Significant negative correlation was present between serum vitamin D and HOMA-IR. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may promote insulin resistance in overweight or obese individuals.
Objective: The objective of the study is to assess job satisfaction between groups of healthcare workers based on their work experience and monthly salary.Methodology: Healthcare workers (n=81) including clinicians, nurses and medical teachers were recruited from a private medical institute at Lahore. Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) and Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) Scale including its component scales of Compassion Satisfaction (CS), Burnout (BO) and Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) were used to determine aspects of vocational quality of life and satisfaction. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess group differences. Spearman correlational analysis was done to assess correlation between income, work experience and job satisfaction.Results: Significantly higher professional satisfaction, lower burnout and stress scores were observed in experienced healthcare workers as compared to less-experienced ones (p value =0.039* for JSS, p value =0.011* for CS, p value =0.055* for BO and p value =0.027* for STS). Significantly higher satisfaction scores were found in workers with higher monthly income as compared to those with lower monthly salary (p value =0.006* for JSS and p value =0.032* for CS). Significant positive correlation was observed between healthcare workers’ job satisfaction and their experience and monthly salary.Conclusion: More experience at work is particularly associated with lower burnout and reduced occupational stress.
Background: Thyroid nodules are nodules which commonly arise within an otherwise normal thyroid gland. A comprehensive history & physicals examination provides the foundations for decisions making in the managements of thyroids nodule. Endoscopic thyroidectomy is a newer technique and it is not accepted as a routine operation for thyroid diseases. With rising female gender, age, anemia & history of thyroid therapy, the possibility of thyroid nodules is greater. Objective: To compare the outcome of endoscopic lobectomy versus open lobectomy for benign diseases of thyroid gland Methodology: Randomized control trial was conducted in which after meeting the inclusion criteria 60 patients were participated in this study. Then patients were divided into two groups. One group is treated with endoscopic lobectomy technique and other with open lobectomy technique. During surgery, operative time was noted and then hospital stay was noted. Results: The’ patients average age was 28.68± 10.38 year, patients with endoscopic lobectomy procedures the mean surgery duration of patients was 101.60±24.16 minutes whereas among patients with open lobectomy surgical procedures the patients mean of surgery duration was 120.43±38.18 minutes (p-value=<0.05), similar finding observed in terms of hospital stay. Practical Implications: This will help in the early and prompt management of the thyroid swellings without causing any cosmetic effect and thus time saving and more efficient procedure would be endoscopic reresection of thyroid gland. Conclusion: The endoscopic lobectomy showed significantly better outcome than to open lobectomy for management of benign diseases of thyroid gland Keywords: Thyroid Gland, Benign, Endoscopy, Lobectomy, Pakistan
Background: Physiology of the mother, changes constantly during pregnancy including reduced HGS that is require for carrying the child after delivery. Activities of daily living require manual gripping tasks that require dynamic and static contractions. Predictor of upper extremity function is Hand Grip Strength and handgrip endurance. Screening of hand grip strength during antenatal care is still uncommon. Objectives: To compare static and dynamic hand grip endurance in pregnant females and to find its correlation with deep breathing. Material and Methods: The study recruited 40 participants of primi-gravida of 1st and 2nd trimester, between ages 20 and 35 years from SHALAMAR GYNAE OPD. The participants assigned to the groups (Group 1: with DB, Group 2: without DB) based on their trimester and gravidity. Static and dynamic endurance assessed using hand held dynamometer. Results: Mean Age ± Standard deviation for deep and non-deep breathing groups was 22.85 ± 2.30 and 24.05 ± 0.514. Age had negative little or low correlation with all variables of deep and non-deep breathing groups. Peak hand grip strength was moderately correlated with hand grip endurance with deep and non-deep breathing group (r = -0.628, r = -0.566 respectively). Static hand grip endurance was weakly correlated with peak hand grip strength in deep breathing group (r = -0.239) whereas static hand grip endurance had little, if any correlation with peak hand grip strength in deep breathing group (r = -0.165). Clinical implication: Management of hand grip strength and endurance improves general well being of pregnancy. By employing deep breathing exercises hand grip strength can be improved. Conclusion: Peak hand grip strength and endurance improved markedly in 2nd trimester with deep breathing. Deep breathing can improve peak hand grip endurance and peak hand grip strength in pregnancy with increasing trimester. Whereas static and dynamic hand grip endurance has insignificant effect in different trimester. Keywords: Pregnancy, deep breathing, trimester, endurance, peak grip endurance
Background: Proximal humeral fractures are third most commonly occurring fractures of old age. PHILOS plate gives maximum fracture stabilization in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures of old age. Aim: To assess the effect of PHILOS in the management of proximal fractures of humerus and its effect on DASH scores. Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from February to July 2022. Healing and functional outcome was assessed at 24 weeks using quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand score ranging from 0 to 100 where <65 reflects excellent prognosis, 65-79 means good prognosis, 80-89 satisfactory and 90-100 reflects poor prognosis. Results: A total of 106 patients volunteered in this research, with the mean age of 53.92±5.28 years, among those 92(86.79%) were males & rest 14(13.21%) were females. The patients who reported earlier have excellent prognosis when compared with those who reported after 5 days with p value .007, among those who had good response majority reported before 5 days with p value .06. Conclusion: Early presentation and prompt management of proximal humoral fractures can have better prognosis and can prevent disability. MeSh Words: Fracture, PHILOS, proximal humerus, DASH.
INTRODUCTION: Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) is a mild but common immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated ocular allergy. Low serum vitamin D levels have been related to some allergic disorders but such data in the clinical context of SAC are missing. Our study investigated serum IgE and vitamin D levels in SAC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional case-controlled study was conducted at University of Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia involving patients with established diagnosis of SAC and age[1]matched healthy control subjects. Standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) questionnaire was scored for the frequency and severity of symptoms. Blood samples were taken to quantify serum IgE and vitamin D levels. Mean +- SD were calculated and independent sample t-test was applied for comparison between groups. RESULT: A total of 52 subjects were recruited into the study in which 26 subjects were patients aged between 20-60 years with an established diagnosis of SAC and another 26 subjects were age-matched healthy controls without any allergy. Mean serum IgE, vitamin D level and SPEED scores were significantly higher in SAC patients than in healthy control (2181.09 IU/ml +- 1062.33 vs 54.83 IU/ml +- 26.67; 38.96 ng/ml +- 11.37 vs. 29.47 ng/ml+- 11.73; 19.42 +- 4.81 vs. 2.19 +- 1.49) with p-value 0.001, 0.005, and 0.001 respectively. Mean vitamin D levels in both groups were within normal range. CONCLUSION: Higher serum vitamin D levels may be linked with SAC, but further research is needed to eliminate irregularities in the existing evidence on the influence of vitamin D in SAC.
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