Background: Physiology of the mother, changes constantly during pregnancy including reduced HGS that is require for carrying the child after delivery. Activities of daily living require manual gripping tasks that require dynamic and static contractions. Predictor of upper extremity function is Hand Grip Strength and handgrip endurance. Screening of hand grip strength during antenatal care is still uncommon. Objectives: To compare static and dynamic hand grip endurance in pregnant females and to find its correlation with deep breathing. Material and Methods: The study recruited 40 participants of primi-gravida of 1st and 2nd trimester, between ages 20 and 35 years from SHALAMAR GYNAE OPD. The participants assigned to the groups (Group 1: with DB, Group 2: without DB) based on their trimester and gravidity. Static and dynamic endurance assessed using hand held dynamometer. Results: Mean Age ± Standard deviation for deep and non-deep breathing groups was 22.85 ± 2.30 and 24.05 ± 0.514. Age had negative little or low correlation with all variables of deep and non-deep breathing groups. Peak hand grip strength was moderately correlated with hand grip endurance with deep and non-deep breathing group (r = -0.628, r = -0.566 respectively). Static hand grip endurance was weakly correlated with peak hand grip strength in deep breathing group (r = -0.239) whereas static hand grip endurance had little, if any correlation with peak hand grip strength in deep breathing group (r = -0.165). Clinical implication: Management of hand grip strength and endurance improves general well being of pregnancy. By employing deep breathing exercises hand grip strength can be improved. Conclusion: Peak hand grip strength and endurance improved markedly in 2nd trimester with deep breathing. Deep breathing can improve peak hand grip endurance and peak hand grip strength in pregnancy with increasing trimester. Whereas static and dynamic hand grip endurance has insignificant effect in different trimester. Keywords: Pregnancy, deep breathing, trimester, endurance, peak grip endurance
Background: Most frequently self-reported work-related illness are due to musculoskeletal disorders. Highly repetitive tasks with grasping of the hands, repetitive flexing of the wrist, vibrations and localized mechanical pressure play a role in development of repeated stress injury. Many computer users complain about wrist fatigue, discomfort or pain after typing. Aim: To assess and compare isometric grip strength of computer operators and non-computer operators. Methods: This study was conducted at the Shalimar Institute of Health Sciences. A sample of 30 computer operators and 30 controls (non-computer operators) were recruited after screening hand ultrasonography. Purposive sampling was used. Isometric grip is measured with a hand-held dynamometer. Subjects were asked to hold the dynamometer with full exertion. Each reading is from a maximum contraction period of three seconds with a 30-second pause. Results: Average Hand Grip Strength of computer operators was 27.71±11.19kg and non-computer users was 37.05±11.09kg. The results were statistically significant with the p-value of 0.002. Practical Implications: Continuous computer use reduces hand grip strength therefore those who are having long term use of computers must go for hand grip strength exercises to maintain normal hand grip strength. Conclusion: Computer operators have less isometric hand grip strength than non-computer operators as it was concluded in this study. MeSH words: Isometric hand grip strength, computer operators, non-computer operator
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