No abstract

Background: HPLC is one of the most important tools for accurate diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias. The advantage of the HPLC system is the excellent resolution, reproducibility &quantification of several normal and abnormal hemoglobin. Results: BIO RAD Variant II analyzer was used. Sickle cell syndromes including double heterozygous states accounted for 56.13% of total cases. HbSS, HbS/β0-th, HbS/β+–th β-thal trait comprises 29%, 6.5%, 5.1%& 10% of total cases respectively with mean MCV (fl) = 84, 68,71,64 respectively. The Mean HbA2 for β-thal trait, HbE trait &HbE-β thal showed 5.1 ± 1.1, 19 ± 9 & 24 ± 8 respectively. HbF is increased in 8.6% case (excluding SC syndromes & β-thal disorders), of these 5.5% were infants & 12 cases of Aplastic Anemias. Peak P2 >7% (2.4% cases) was seen in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus which on quantification showed HbA1C = 8 ± 2.1 mmol/L. Discussion: HPLC in correlation with CBC parameters & family studies can aid in the diagnosis of majority of Hemoglobinopathies and thalassemic syndrome. The CBC & HPLC parameters of the present study are in good correlation with the research conducted by Tejinder Sing, RiouJ & Alla Joutovsky. Present study showed HPLC comprehensively characterizing HbS, A, A2, F, S, C, D from each other & was also applicable for the quantification of HbA1c for the monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusion: The merits of HPLC are small quantity of sample required, economical, less TAT, accurate categorization of HbS, HbA2 & F. But one has to be aware of the limitations and problems associated with this method due to variant hemoglobin within the same retention windows. The present findings show HPLC as an excellent & powerful diagnostic tool for the direct identification of hemoglobin variants with a high degree of precision in the quantification of normal and abnormal hemoglobin fractions.

No abstract

No abstract

Introduction: Vesiculobullous diseases are a group of disorders in which primary lesion is a vesicle or a bulla on the skin or mucous membrane or both. Though some of the veisculobullous lesions are characteristics in their appearance and distribution, clinically many a times a definitive diagnosis cannot be made by physical examination alone. Then the dermatologists are forced to resort to histopathology for a definite diagnosis and classification. In the present scenario, even though histopathological study is sufficient in most of the cases, it is often accompanied by immunofluorescence antibody tests for confirmation of the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Direct immunofluorescence antibody test is a gold standard to confirm the disease and the indirect test helps to monitor the disease. Objectives: This study was carried out to find out clinical and histopathological correlation in diagnosing the disease. Materials and Methods: In the present study, histopathological evaluated vesiculobullous lesions over the period of 2 years. A total number of 35 cases were encountered. Staining procedures done are haematoxylineosin staining, leishmann staining and direct immunofluorescence stain. Results: A total number of 35 cases were encountered which constituted 0.70% of overall biopsy specimen and 12.32% of skin biopsy specimen. The pemphigus vulgaris formed commonest disease encountered accounting for 34.30% of all skin lesions. Bullous pemphigoid formed the second most common disease observed (31.34%) affecting both sexes equally. Conclusions: All though the 'primary' vesiculobullous lesions of skin are seen in a small group of people, they have been associated with significant a morbidity and mortality. It is important to distinguish each of these entities and separate them appropriate for management and treatment. Even though clinical examination has its own importance, both histopathological and DIF testing is must, as it confirms the diagnosis and subtyping.