El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la aplicación de un método hasta el momento nunca empleado en el estudio de la cerámica de grupos cazadores-recolectores de la Patagonia argentina: la reconstrucción virtual en tres dimensiones (3D) a partir de piezas parcialmente remontadas. En los contextos arqueológicos de la costa nordeste de la provincia del Chubut el material cerámico se presenta altamente fragmentado y si bien se han remontado o ensamblado parcialmente algunas piezas, hasta la aplicación de este método no se había obtenido la representación completa de las distintas morfologías presentes. Al respecto, además de desarrollar el procedimiento técnicometodológico mediante el cual se obtuvieron las imágenes gráficas virtuales en 3D, también se presentará la información que de ello deriva, entre lo más destacable, la capacidad o el volumen y el peso de las piezas cerámicas. Dichas variables permiten, al menos inicialmente, plantear algunos aspectos relativos al uso y transporte de estos contenedores.
Self-perception of ethnicity is a complex social trait shaped by both, biological and non-biological factors. We developed a comprehensive analysis of ethnic self-perception (ESP) on a large sample of Latin American mestizos from five countries, differing in age, socio-economic and education context, external phenotypic attributes and genetic background. We measured the correlation of ESP against genomic ancestry, and the influence of physical appearance, socio-economic context, and education on the distortion observed between both. Here we show that genomic ancestry is correlated to aspects of physical appearance, which in turn affect the individual ethnic self-perceived ancestry. Also, we observe that, besides the significant correlation among genomic ancestry and ESP, specific physical or socio-economic attributes have a strong impact on self-perception. In addition, the distortion among ESP and genomic ancestry differs across age ranks/countries, probably suggesting the underlying effect of past public policies regarding identity. Our results indicate that individuals’ own ideas about its origins should be taken with caution, especially in aspects of modern life, including access to work, social policies, and public health key decisions such as drug administration, therapy design, and clinical trials, among others.
The 'omics' era and its concomitant technological advances have brought great insight into genetics. One of the most promising fields within human genetics is the prediction of physical traits from analysis of genetic material. Besides the predictive potential of DNA, the traceability of pathogenic agents in the human body through molecular analysis is also a field to be further exploited. In this review, we aim to discuss specific aspects of phenotypic prediction by analysing DNA, with special emphasis on normal variation, and the application of a technology known as 'Forensic DNA Phenotyping' (FDP). We also suggest the term 'Phenotype Informative Markers' (PIMs) to designate any molecular markers responsible for normal or pathological human phenotypic variation. In addition, we raise some recommendations related to forensic genetics, the molecular diagnosis of human diseases, and the traceability of pathogens in the human body, giving special emphasis to the need for validation of these tests with strict protocols. Some relevant concerns about privacy, ethics, and legality of such predictions have also been discussed. Finally, we look at perspectives on the use of epigenetic tools, and quote some examples of what has been done in this specific field.
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