The authors examine the impact of the development of image-based remote sensing systems on the activities of state administrations in the cartographic production and making of geographical information publicly available in the Eastern Bloc countries. A convergence of cartography, secrecy, and power occurred during the Cold War. Through investigation of facts relevant to the acquisition image data of the Earth surface performed by the USA and the USSR, it aims to examine the key questions of why the logic behind the development of cartography in the Eastern Bloc countries after World War II was distorted. The lack of logic was reflected in the fact that the amount of information actually presented on maps decreased with an increase in the information about the surface of the Earth acquired by the means of remote sensing systems.
It was suggested that image data in the member states of the Eastern Bloc, in spite of their restricted use and a drop in the informational value of maps, was the main factor behind the creation, detail, and geometric accuracy of civilian maps. Proving this thesis involved analyzing the correlations between the achievements in the field of remote sensing and the quality of maps developed during the Cold War in the Eastern Bloc states.
This paper presents a method of development concerning maps of changes in the population distribution in Poland after the Second World War . The phenomenon is presented by means of isolinear maps based of the population density index. The resulting maps illustrate the population distribution in intervals of approximately 10 years. Moreover, the changes themselves are presented in balance maps corresponding to periods between the selected dates. The maps highlight spatial changes in the population distribution in Poland. The key task was to develop a method of preparing maps providing an objective and comparable image of the population distribution. This was obtained by means of the isoline method with the application of a multipoint representation of administrative units (basic fields) differing in terms of area and shape. Comparability was also achieved through the appropriate preparation of standardised map legends (colour scales and isoline interval). The maps were prepared in scales of 1:8,000,000 (state maps) and 1:400,000 (change/balance maps).
ARTICLE HISTORY
Roślinność staje się coraz wyżej cenionym składnikiem terenów zurbanizowanych. Podkreśla się coraz większe znaczenie zieleni jako środka ochrony człowieka i jego środowiska życia w obliczu nieustannych przemian krajobrazu miejskiego i postępującej urbanizacji. W artykule opisano sposób wykorzystania zdjęć satelitarnego z satelity Ikonos-2 do pozyskania informacji na temat struktury przestrzennej terenów zieleni w mieście Lublin. Wysokorozdzielcze zdjęcie satelitarne, które oprócz pasm promieniowania elektromagnetycznego widzialnego rejestruje również zakres bliskiej podczerwieni posłużyło do obliczenie znormalizowanego wskaźnika roślinności (NDVI). Obraz NDVI został wykorzystany do klasyfikacji nadzorowanej treści zdjęcia. W efekcie otrzymano obraz rozkładu przestrzennego zieleni z podziałem na roślinność niską i wysoką. Na tej podstawie określano stan i strukturę zieleni w Lublinie oraz przedstawiono możliwości i metodykę wykorzystania danych teledetekcyjnych w badaniach nad roślinnością w obszarze zabudowanym.
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